Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 40 views

    2586 48 150 Waves

    Uploaded by

    Hareesh Chikku
    A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space. There are several key characteristics of waves including that they are described by a wave function, have a wavelength and frequency, and can be transverse or longitudinal. The speed of a wave is determined by the medium and can be calculated using the wavelength and frequency. An example of a transverse wave is a wave on a stretched string where the wave equation relates tension, mass, and acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    2586 48 150 Waves

    Uploaded by

    Hareesh Chikku
    40 views9 pages
    A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space. There are several key characteristics of waves including that they are described by a wave function, have a wavelength and frequency, and can be transverse or longitudinal. The speed of a wave is determined by the medium and can be calculated using the wavelength and frequency. An example of a transverse wave is a wave on a stretched string where the wave equation relates tension, mass, and acceleration.

    Original Title

    2586_48_150_WAVES

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space. There are several key characteristics of waves including that they are described by a wave function, have a wavelength and frequency, and can be transverse or longitudinal. The speed of a wave is determined by the medium and can be calculated using the wavelength and frequency. An example of a transverse wave is a wave on a stretched string where the wave equation relates tension, mass, and acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views9 pages

    2586 48 150 Waves

    Uploaded by

    Hareesh Chikku
    A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space. There are several key characteristics of waves including that they are described by a wave function, have a wavelength and frequency, and can be transverse or longitudinal. The speed of a wave is determined by the medium and can be calculated using the wavelength and frequency. An example of a transverse wave is a wave on a stretched string where the wave equation relates tension, mass, and acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    WAVES

    • A wave is a form of disturbance.


    • Progressive waves transfer energy from one region
    to another whereas stationary waves or standing
    waves do not transfer energy.

    • Mechanical waves require medium for its


    propogation while non-mechanical waves do not.

    • If the vibrating particles in a wave execute SHM


    then it is a harmonic wave or sinusoidal wave.
    •

    Based on the dimensions of energy transport waves are


    one , two or three dimensional
    eg.Transverse waves along a string -one dim.
    Waves on water surface -two dim.
    Waves in space are - three dim.

    Generally two types of waves-Longitudinal and transverse.


    Longi- particles of medium make vibrations along direction
    of propogation of wave.They cannot be polarised
    Trans-particles vibrate perpendicular to direction of
    propogation of wave.They can be polarised.
    • A wave is mathematically described by a function
    of space and time.
    So the quantity which results or causes a wave is
    represented by a wave function and it is “psi” ie ψ
    Hence a wave pulse moving with velocity v in
    positive X-direction is Ѱ(x,t)=f(x-vt)
    and a wave pulse in negative x-direction is given by

    Ѱ(x,t)= f(x+vt)
    The general one dimensional wave function is
    Ѱ(x,t)= f(x +_vt)
    Differential equation.
    We consider a wave progressing in positive X-direction Its wave function is Ѱ(x,t)=f(x-vt)
    Differentiate w.r.to x twice
    =(x-vt) ---(1)
    Diffrentiating w r to. ‘t’ twice
    =(x-vt) -----(2)
    comparing eqn 1 and 2 we get,
    =
    So the standard wave eqn for one dimensional wave is
    =1/ ()
    The solution of this wave equation is
    Ѱ(x,t)=A sin k(x-vt)
    similarly three dimensional wave equation is ψ= 1/ ()
    solution is Ѱ(xyz,t)=a
    A wave is periodic in space and time
    The space periodicity is expressed by the factor wavelength and
    time periodicity by timeperiod T.
    ʎ=2π/k and T= 2π/kv = 2π/ω.
    ω is the angular frequency.
    Path difference and Phase difference gives the difference in the
    state of vibration of particles of medium in terms of linear distance
    and angle.
    They are related as =2πx / ʎ
    ie., the phase difference corresponding to path difference x.
    So k =2π/ʎ is the phase difference corresponding to unit path
    difference and is known as phase shift constant or wave vector
    Transverse vibrations of a stretched string
    • Consider a stretched string of length l stretched
    between A and B.Let T be tension at each point on
    the string.At two nearby points tension is directed
    oppositely.Let P and Q be two nearby points.The
    tangents at these points extends angles and with
    the horizontal X-direction.
    • The downward component of tension at P is
    T sin and that at Q is T sin
    being small sin is 1 .
    1=
    Similarly upward component of tension at Q is T tan ie.,

    (dy/dx)x+∆x
    The resultant upward tension in string is F= T( -1)
    ie.,m∆xy/ d=T( - 1 )

    y/ d=T/m{+∆x - / ∆x
    y/ d=T/m {y/}

    {y/}=1/{y/} comparing with this one dimensional wave


    equation, we get v=
    From the basic wave equation v=
    The length of the string vibrating in one segment l=/2
    ie., =2l
    Thus we get the fundamental frequency =1/2l ()
    this is the first harmonic.
    WAVES
    1. The equation of transverse wave vibration of a stretched string is
    given by ψ=5sin 5π(x/50 –t/0.02) where x and ψ are in cm and t in
    s. Find the frequency and wavelength.
    2. When a wave travels in a medium the particle displacements are
    given by ψ=0.03 sin π (2t-0.01x). Calculate the wavelength of the
    wave.
    3. Calculate the frequency of the fundamental note of a string,1metre
    long weighing 2gms when stretched by a weight of 400kg.
    4.The equation of transverse vibration of a stretched string is given
    by y=0.00327sin(72.1x-2.72t)m, in which the numerical constants
    are in SI units. Find the Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency and
    velocity of wave.
    5.A simple harmonic wave is represented by y=8sin 2π(t/0.05 -
    0.05x).Find wavelength, amplitude,frequency and velocity of
    wave.Also find displacement of particle 40cm from the origin and
    2s after the start of motion.

    You might also like