PCS - Unit I - ASV
PCS - Unit I - ASV
SYSTEMS
UNIT I
SIGNALS & SPECTRA
-ANUP VIBHUTE
Teaching and Examination scheme for
Principles of communication systems
Teaching
Examination scheme Credits
scheme
Course Course
Theory
code name Practical Practical
Practical
Theory Total Theory s
s In- End s
sem Sem
Principles of
204193 Communication 03 30 70 100 03
Systems (PoCS)
Principles of
01
204196 Communication 02 50 50
Systems (PoCS)
Course Objectives
To equip/ familiarize students with basic mathematical tools for time
15
Decision
Amplitude
making
Equaliser
Device Regenerated
Distorted PCM wave
PCM wave Timing
Circuit
Signals:
Signal is referred to
transmission of information in
electrical or electromagnetic
form.
A signal is the form in which
data is transmitted. Its describes
the behavior of data
gp(t) = ∑ Cn e+ j2nfot
n=–
t + To
1 – j2nfot
where, Cn =
gp(t) e dt
To
t
Exponential Fourier series
gp(t) = ∑ Cn ej2nfot
n=–
t + To
1 – j2nfot
where Cn =
gp(t) e dt
To
t
To/2
1 – j2nfot
Cn =
gp(t) e dt
To
– To/2
T/2
1
=
A e– j2nfot dt
To
– T/2
1 e– j2nfot
T/2
=
To – j2nfo – T/2
A = 10, T = 2, To = 10
Properties of Fourier Series
Property 1 If x(t) is real, then xn = .
This property is known as Hermitian symmetry.
This says that if x(t) is real valued, the magnitude of X(f) will
have even symmetry while the phase of X(f) will have odd
symmetry.
Fourier Transform and properties
If the signal x(t) has even symmetry, then its Fourier
transform X(f) is given by
If the signal x(t) has odd symmetry, then its Fourier transform
X(f) is given by
Fourier Transform and properties
Time frequency Duality
The time shifting property, to be proved later, states that if g(t)
> G(f) , then
Then
Fourier Transform and properties
Time Scaling Property
If
Then
Frequency Shifting property
If
Then
This property is also called the modulation property.
81
X(t) Y(t)=x(t)*h(t)
I Impulse
Response h(t)
Signal energy & Energy Spectral density
Energy Spectral Density (ESD)
2
𝜑 ( 𝑓 ) =| 𝑋 ( 𝑓 )|
Derivation of ESD
ESD gives distribution of energy of the signal in
frequency domain.
ESD of the Input and the Output
If x(t) and y(t) are the input and the corresponding output of a
linear time-invariant (LTI) system, then
Thus, the output signal ESD is lH (f)l 2 times the input signal
ESD.
Properties of ESD:
Determine Autocorrelation function and energy
spectral density of
Autocorrelation function
To obtain energy spectral density:
Signal power & Power Spectral Density
AM PAM ASK
FM PWM FSK
PCM
Types of Modulation
Types of Modulation
?