Traffic Control Equipment and

Road Furniture
DEFINE TRAFFIC CONTROL
DEVICE
 traffic control device is an essential element in accordance with the
requirements of traffic and where it is used.
 use of traffic control devices in areas that are not exactly cause road
users ignore the device and instructions.
 traffic control devices should be designed properly. Device
size, shape, colour, brightness, background, lighting
should appeal to users every time.
 indicator, signal indicator and should be easily visible and
can bring a clear message to consumers.
 uniform use of the device is in accordance with MUTCD (Manual on
Traffic Control Devices for Street and Highway) is to ensure that road
users understand the instructions given and the traffic will be smooth.
 traffic control devices should be located and operate in a uniform and
consistent.
 in this way motorists can expect one thing and to effectively

respond to the device based on the current situation is shown.

 control device should also be placed between the user and

reasonable access to guidance such as location, objects and

situations where it is used. it is also suitable to be placed in the area

and the situation where the driver is in normal driving.

is important for the device is maintained at

all times in accordance with standards

established to ensure visible and legible.

traffic control devices needed to control the

traffic flow for an effective system.

traffic control device is defined as :

- traffic signs

- street signs

- delineator

- road stud (cat eyes)

 DESCRIBE FUNCTION OF THE
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE
 traffic control device has the following purposes :
 allows the user to move to the destination.
 security to the user traffic.
 to avoid conflicts in areas of dense traffic.
 facilitate the traffic flow.
 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAFFIC
DEVICE

 Fulfill the needs of traffic

 Get the attention of traffic
 Deliver message/information that is simple and clear
 Get appreciation from road users
 Provide ample time for road users to react correctly
IMPORTANCES OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE

 Facilitate user to be moving to destination directed
 Security to traffic consumer
 To prevent traffic conflict for area that is compact
 Launch traffic flow process
 TYPES OF DEVICES ACCORDING TO
THEIR FUNCTIONS
a.Regulation device
Regulation devices give users notice of traffic laws or regulations.
 Such signs, designate right-of-way (e.g., STOP),
 indicate speed control ( e.g., SPEED LIMIT 50 km/j, SPEED ZONE
AHEAD),
 control movements (e.g., NO RIGHT TURN, KEEP RIGHT, ONE WAY),
 regulate parking (e.g., NO PARKING),
 control pedestrian movements (e.g., CROSS ONLY AT CROSS WALKS),
and regulate traffic in various other ways.
 All regulation device are appearance circle and white symbol as
background blue or another comfortable color.
 b.Warning devices
 

Warning devices direct attention to conditions on or adjacent to a street or highway those are
potentially hazardous to traffic operations. Such devices require motorists to exercise
caution, reduce speed, or make some maneuver in the interest of their own safety or that of
other motorists or pedestrians. Typical locations or situations that may warrant the use of
warning devices include; 
Intersections, entrances, and crossings.
Changes in horizontal alignment.
Grades.
Railroad crossings.  
Narrow roadways.
Roadway surface Conditions.
Advance warning of control devices.
Examples of warning signs are curve signs (showing curved arrow), STOP AHEAD signs,
PAVEMENT ENDS signs, and advisory speed plates. The latter signs supplement other types
of warning signs. Warning signs have a black legend and border placed on a yellow
background. With but few exceptions
 Examples of warning signs are curve signs (showing curved arrow),
STOP AHEAD signs, PAVEMENT ENDS signs, and advisory speed
plates. The latter signs supplement other types of warning signs.
Warning signs have a black legend and border placed on a yellow
background. With but few exceptions, warning signs have a diamond
shape.
 c.Guidance devices
 Guide devices indicate route designations, directions, distances, point of interest,
and other geographic or cultural information. Two types of guide signs (route
markers and a destination sign).

 
 Other examples of guide signs include JUNCTION signs,
DETOUR signs, REST AREA signs, and service signs (FOOD,
GAS, LODGING, etc ). Sign board like this normally provided
with color blue as background and symbol or white which write
by hand.
 TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE

 Is an important subject according with the

requirements and where it is use.
 Traffic control device in areas that are not
exactly cause the roads no need no the device
and instruction.
TYPES OF DEVICES
ACCORDING TO
THEIR FUNCTIONS
 a) REGULATION DEVICE
 Devided into to types of signs.
 Mandatory signs are notice of traffic laws or regulations.
 Such signs, designate right-of-way (e.g., STOP),
 indicate speed control ( e.g., SPEED LIMIT 50 km/j, SPEED
ZONE AHEAD),
 control movements (e.g., NO RIGHT TURN, KEEP RIGHT,
ONE WAY),
 regulate parking (e.g., NO PARKING),
 control pedestrian movements (e.g., CROSS ONLY AT
CROSS WALKS), and regulate traffic in various other ways.
 All regulation device are appearance circle and white symbol
as background blue or another comfortable color.
b) Warning Device

 Warning signs direct attention to conditions on

or adjacent to a street or highway those are
potentially hazardous to traffic operations.
 Such devices require motorists to exercise
caution, reduce speed, or make some maneuver
in the interest of their own safety or that of
other motorists or pedestrians
Example: Warning signs
 c) Guidance Device
 Informatory signs indicate route designations,
directions, distances, point of interest, and other
geographic or cultural information.

 Two types of guide signs (route markers and a

destination sign).
Eg:
The types of road
furniture in highway
engineering.
Objectives of road signs

 Keeping the flow of people or vehicles in a

safe and expedient mode is the objective of
traffic control.
 To avoid traffic conflict in a very complex
area.
Eg:
 Road signs
The principles of road signs
 To provide safe and efficient traffic flows.
 For the traffic signs to be effective, they should fulfill a
need, convey a clear and simple meaning, command
respect of drivers and pedestrians and places at
appropriate locations.
 Poor signs, signals, and traffic markings can lead to a
break down in the system.
 Recognizable by shape and color, message and
diagram.
 Types of materials used in
preparing road signs
 Traffic signs consist of three basic
components a blank, background sheeting, and
sign copy.
 The framework of the sign usually constructed
of plywood, aluminium, or steel.
 Background sheeting and the letter and
symbols for the sign copy are cut from
retroreflective sheeting, consists of tiny glass
beads or microprisms embedded in a flexible
plastic surface and the sheeting is dyed with a
COLOUR USED IN ROAD SIGNS
 Determine the types of road
signage used for moving vehicles

LONGITUDINAL LINE
• Yellow longitudinal lines separate traffic flowing
in opposite directions, or mark the left edge of
the pavement on one-way roads.
• White longitudinal lines separate traffic flowing
in the same direction, or mark the right edge of
the pavement.
 
TRANSVERSE LINE

 Transverse Line marking is predominantly at

intersections it is found where delineation
is required for crossing traffic or any
symbols or figures for controlling traffic flow.
 Transverse Line marking incorporates stop
lines, give ways, arrows, symbols , turn guide
lines and pedestrian guide lines to.
DIAGONAL AND CHEVRON
MARKING
Rear view, showing the main asset of this
vehicle: a variable message matrix sign of
the continued payment of the roof. Notice
how the chevron sign at the back to both the
van to make the entire high visibility livery.
 
 
 
 ORDERING ON PAVEMENT

 Ordering on pavement are there signs on the

pavement. Pavement order is an instruction for
road users. Road users must comply with the
direction to decrease the accident.
 ARROWS

 Arrows is a sign that there is on street pavements.

It serves to indicate the direction of the road
users and to enable road users to slow during the
turn.
 ENTRY SIGN TO RAILROAD
CROSSING
 Any sign with an "X" shape (or "crossbuck") shows
where railroad tracks are located.
Everyone should always slow down when
approaching a railroad crossing and stop if a train is
approaching.
Sometimes this sign will also have flashing lights
below it. One must always stop if the lights at a
train crossing are flashing.

 
 VEHICLE PARKING AREA
LIMIT
 Vehicles parking area limit is a limit to
parking users. The users cannot park
exceed the limit set of lines.
 YELLOW BOX

 Yellow box is an area where vehicles cannot stop

a vehicle in the area. This area is always there in
front of the school, fire station and major road
junctions. if there is a vehicle to stop vehicles in
the area of traffic congestion will occur.
 TRANVERSE YELLOW BAR

 Using transverse yellow bar markings (TYBMs)

on the approach to roundabouts to encourage
drivers to slow to the safe entry speed and help
reduce the number of accidents.

 
 PAVED ROAD SHOULDER
SIGN
 Paved road shoulder sign is the sign marking the
road shoulder over the pavement. The function is
to facilitate use of bicycles and motor use. If the
yellow mark, the vehicle cannot be stopped
vehicles there.
7.2.6THE TYPE OF ROAD
STUDS
 Studs may be permanent or temporary, and
use a glass or plastic reflector, or a plastic
reflector with an abrasion resistant protective

coating. The standard provides several different

photometric performance classes, depending on the stud
type.
 THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF ROAD STUD

 Advantages
a) The driver sits behind the headlamps
and sees a bright reflection from the stud.
b) They remain effective in wet weather and
also in areas prone to fog, when the
efficiency of reflective markings is reduced.
c) They are used in addition to reflectorised
lines where traffic flows are high,
particularly on roads without street lighting.
 Disadvantages
a) They are not appropriate for marking lines
bounding central hatched markings; these
should make use of the uni-directional type.
b) They depend for their brightness on the light
from a vehicle’s headlamps being reflected
back towards the source.
TYPE OF DELINEATORS
 Marking  Road studs
MARKING MATERIAL

 The two most widely used material are conventional

paints and hot-applied thermoplastics (including
spray-plastic).
 Advantages of Thermoplastic:
i. It has a longer life
ii. The ability to fill the interstices of rough textured
roads, whereas paint soon wears from the surface-
dressing peaks and the interstice fill with dirt.
iii. A high temperature of application which enable it
to fuse with a bituminous road surface.
 Disadvantages of thermoplastic:
i. It has a greater initial cost compared with paint.
ii. Rapid application on a large scale is more difficult
because of the large bulk of material which has to
be melted down.
iii. Care is needed to avoid an undue build-up of
thickness by successive application, as this can be
hazardous to motorcyclists.
iv. Adhesion is usually poor on concrete road surfaces.
 ROAD STUDS

 Road studs used on their own

are of relatively little value to the driver under normal daytime
conditions, unless they have coloured shell and are spaced very closed
together.
 The reflective road stud most commonly used in Britain is the cat’s eye.
 Each cat’s-eye consists of two parts:
a) A metal base embedded in the road and a separate rubber pad insert
into each of which (for two-way roads)
b) In one side (for one-way carriageways), two longitudinal biconvex
reflectors are fixed.
Determine colours and
specification of
materials ?
MOHD HAFIZ HUSSIN
 Delineator Posts
Designed for
maximum Delineator bases
visibility, quick are made from
setup and low high quality
maintenance rubber.

Tested and certified

to meet the crash
worthy requirements
and Versatile posts,
saves labor,
decreases vehicle
damage
 Reflector unit

By already available glass reactors the

reaction medium is irradiated by means of
several reflector units which are arranged
radial - in positive irradiation geometry
Define Traffic
Signboards ?
 Traffic signs or road signs are signs
erected at the side of or above roads to
provide information to road users.

pictorial signs to facilitate international

travel where language differences
would create barriers, and in general to
help enhance traffic safety Such
pictorial signs use symbols

MOHD HAFIZ HUSSIN

Principles of traffic
signboards ?
(a) be safe and appropriate for the road, its
environment or the use of the road; and
(b) not dazzle, distract or mislead road users; and
(c) convey a clear and consistent message to road
users; and
(d) be placed so as to:
- be visible to road users; and
- be legible to road users, if of a type that includes
written words or symbols;
(d) be maintained in good repair
 Physical
representation

Principles of
Spatial
traffic
Conceptual
Compatibility signboards compatibility

MOHD HAFIZ HUSSIN

Determine functions of traffic
signboards ?
 Regulation
signboards

Warning
signboards

Information
signboards
 DETERMINE
TRAFFIC
SIGNBOARDS
 INFORMATION SIGNBOARDS

 Signs with green, blue or black colour square are

called information sign board, giving some
information to road users.
 TEMPORARY SIGNBOARDS
 Temporary signs are either circular, rectangular, or
diamond in shape. The colors shall be black symbol or
word message with orange background. In addition to
temporary sign, flashing beacons and other form of
delineations shall because to supplement guidance
through the work zones.
DIRECTIONAL SIGNS

 Identify or directs to places.

 Direct traffic, control parking and point
visitors in the right direction.

MOHD HAFIZ HUSIN

 CARRIAGEWAY SIGNAGE
 A carriageway is one side of a road on which traffic
travelling in opposite directions is separated by a
barrier.
   A dual carriageway is a road which has two lanes of
traffic travelling in each direction with a strip of grass
or concrete down the middle to separate the two lots of
traffic.  
 'Carriageway' means one of the two sides of a
motorway where traffic travels in one direction only
usually in two or three lanes
 KILOMETER POSTS

 In most of the road kilometer Marker Post have

been erected in order to know the distance from
one city to another. This feature will because by
most of the pedestrians as well as motorist in
order to know the distance from the City Centre.
 Standard traffic signboards
In situation where message are required other than those
here in provided for, the signs shall of the same shape and
colour as standard sign of the same functional types.
The basis requirement of traffic sign are that it be legible to

those for whom it is intended and that it be understood in
time to permit proper response. This means high visibility,
lettering or symbols of adequate size, short word messages,
and simple symbol designs for quick comprehension by a
road user approaching a sign at high or low speed.
Standardized colour and shapes are specified so that the
several classes of traffic sign can be promptly recognised.
Guidance signboards
 Guide signs are necessary to guide road users
along highway to direct them to towns, villages,
or other important destination, and to inform him
of interesting routes.

 These sign are essential to identify nearby

rivers and streams, parks, forests and historical
sites. In a general way, guide sign give road users
the information that will help them along their
way in the most simple, direct manner possible.
 Guide sign, unlike other sign, do not lose effectiveness by
frequent use. Therefore, in case of doubt as to their
necessity, guide signs should be erected as frequently as
practicable.
 However, the amount of information on any one sign should
not exceed three destinations, and in addition, must be so
located as to allow any necessary maneuver to be made with
out confusion.
 Guide sign for highway must be large and legible enough to
be read from moving vehicles at high or low speed. At
interchanges, road users depend on signs in choosing the
proper roadways, and error in turning may increase the
distance of the trip.
 Beside, a last minute maneuver may result in an accident on
busy highways, on controlled access highways, it is
essential that road users be informed where and how to reach
certain service facilities that are not directly visible or
 Non-illuminated types of signboards
at gentry
 A non-illuminated plastic board, metal sheet board or
sandwiched. If the wall is uneven or if the surface is
unstabilized, the board is fixed to a supporting frame. The
signboard can be additionally illuminated by external
spotlights.

 The characters are individually shaped of metal or plastic

materials. They are hollow or milled from a massive place of
plastic or metal.
 Significance of Colors and Shapes in
Road & Traffic Signs
 Streamlining the flow of traffic and effective
communication with the traffic environment is
possible with standard colors and shapes of
signboards. Colors can tell you as much about the
sign’s message as the entire sign itself.
 Every color used on a sign has a meaning attached to
it and tells the driver what to expect ahead.
 Following are the different colors used in signs to
convey different messages to motorists.
 TYPES OF COLOURS
 Red
 The color red is used for signs that tell the motorists to stop or
yield. The sign notifies the driver to stop and proceed when it
is safe.
 The rationale of a stop
sing is to limit the driver
from entering a
crosswalk or intersection,
one way and prohibited streets etc.
accidentally or at high speed.
 Green
Green gives highway directions and
guides through highway interchanges
and tells you how far a place is from
where you are.
 Yellow
A general warning or caution is always
depicted through this color.
 Black / white
This color indicates enforceable laws,
regulations, and ordinances.
 Blue
Blue signs list motorist services. These signs guide you to
places such as hotels, gas stations, hospitals, eating places,
picnic and campgrounds etc.

 Orange
At time of construction and work in progress, the work
area is protected from traffic by orange warning signs and
devices.

MOHD HAFIZ HUSSIN

 Brown
Brown color directs you to public
recreational areas, national parks, historic
points of interest and scenic sites.
 Fluorescent yellow-green
General warning or caution is demonstrated with
fluorescent yellow-green color. The signs using this
new color are much easier to see in low light, fog and
rain. It shows pedestrian warning, bicycle warning,
playground warning, school

bus and school warning.

 Red and White with red letters
Yield signs are red and white in color with red
letters. This color combination alerts the drivers of
the oncoming hazards on the road. It instructs the
driver to slow down, stop when necessary, and
proceed safely and be aware of the oncoming
traffic.
 Flashing yellow light
It has the same meaning as a yield sign. This tells the driver should
be cautious while passing the road or intersection.
 Circular red arrow
It forbids moving in the direction where the arrow points. Turning
on a red arrow is not allowed.
 Circular yellow arrow
This indicates that the driver should prepare to stop at the stop line
and thus slow down. Motorists should not increase the speed to
beat the red arrow that comes next.
 Circular green arrow
It indicates the right of way to progress through the turn. Before
moving ahead, drivers should yield for other vehicle and
pedestrians who are still at the intersection.
GEOMETRICAL SHAPES FOR
SIGNBOARDS
 Octagon  Pentagon
An octagon illustrates a A school sign is
STOP sign. demonstrated by a
pentagon.
 Horizontal Rectangle  Equilateral Triangle
Information or A mounted triangle is
direction is evidence of a yield
represented on a sign.
rectangle.
 Vertical Rectangle  Diamond
Regulations are posted A warning is always
on a vertical rectangle. posted on a diamond
shaped sign.
  Pennant
This sign is usually on
 Circle the left hand side of
A railway crossing is the road. It warns you
shown by a circle. of no passing zone.