C# & Windows GUI Applications: IT 3334: Integrative Programming and Techniques

IT 3334: Integrative Programming
and Techniques
C#
&
Windows
GUI Applications
Lecture Contents
• Introduction to Integrative Programming.

• Contrast between the functions of Windows
applications and console applications.
• GUI - graphical user interfaces.
• Windows forms and form properties.
• Control objects such as buttons, labels, and text
boxes to a form.
Windows Based Applications
• Windows Forms
• Events
• Controls
INTEGRATIVE
PROGRAMMING
&
TECHNIQUES
4
Chapter 9
Introduction to Windows Programming
C# Programming:
From Problem Analysis to Program Design
4th Edition
Contrasting Windows and Console
Applications
• Windows applications function differently

from console applications.
• Windows applications look differently from

console applications.
6
Contrasting Windows and Console
Applications by Functionality
• Console applications
– Each line in Main( ) executed sequentially –
then the program halts
• Windows applications
– Once launched, sits and waits for an event
– Sits in a process loop
• Event: notification from operating system
that an action, such as the user clicking the
mouse or pressing a key, has occurred
– Write event-handler methods for Windows apps7
C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design
Graphical User Interfaces
• Windows applications also look different
from console applications
• Interface: front end of a program
– Visual image you see when you run a program
• Graphical user interface (GUI) includes:
– Menus
– Text in many different colors and sizes
– Other controls (pictures, buttons, etc.)
C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 8
Windows Applications
• Reference and import
System.Windows.Forms namespace
• Class heading definition
– Includes not only the class name, but a colon
followed by another class name
• Derived class (first class), Base class (second class)
• public class Form1 : Form
• Derived classes inherit from base class
•C# Programming:
No multiple inheritance within .NET
From Problem Analysis to Program Design 9
languages
Windows Applications (continued)
• Text - property of the Form class
– A property for setting/getting title bar caption
– Can be used in constructor
• Windows forms/controls offer many properties
including Text, Color, Font, and Location
• Execution begins in Main( ) method
– Main( ) is located in Program.cs file for the application
– Call to Run( ) method places application in process loop

using System.Windows.Forms; // Line 1
namespace Windows0 New
{ namespace
public class Form1 : Form
Base class referenced // Line 2
{
public Form1( ) // Line 3
Constructor
{
Text = "Simple Windows Application"; // Line 4
Sets }
title bar static void Main( )
caption {
Form1 winForm = new Form1( ); // Line 5
Application.Run(winForm); // Line 6
}
} Starts
} process
loop
Windows Application (continued)
Output
generated
from
Windows0
application
Figure 9-1 Windows-based form

Elements of Good Design
• Appearance matters
– Human-computer interaction (HCI) research
• Design considerations
– Consistency
– Alignment
– Avoid clutter
– Color
– Target audience

Using the IDE Editor
C# support categories
 Code Snippets. They are named with short
alias like for, forr, class etc
 How to activate?
 Type alias and press the Tab key twice

Or

Use IntelliSense menu to insert the code snippet

Press Ctrl+K+X to activate the code snippet list

Select Visual C#
14
Use Visual Studio to Create
Windows-Based Applications
Select
File
New Windows
Project Forms Browse
Application to
template location
to store
your
Name
work
Figure 9-2 Visual Studio New Windows application

Windows-Based Applications
Properties
Window
Toolbox Design View
Figure 9-3 Initial design screen

Windows-Based Applications (continued)
Figure 9-4 Dockable windows

• Windows Forms
–Properties
–Events
Windows Forms
• Extensive collection of Control classes
• Top-level window for an application is called a
Form
• Each control has collection of properties and
methods
– Select property from an alphabetized list (Properties
window)
– Change property by clicking in the box and selecting
or typing the new entry at design time.
• C#Each control
Programming: has
From Problem collection
Analysis to Program Designof events. 19
Windows Form Properties
Property value
Properties
Figure 9-5 Properties window

Windows Form Properties
(change values at run time)
• Can set properties
using program
statements
– Table 9-1 shows
properties set
using Properties
window
• Selecting Code on
View menu shows Table 9-1 Form1 property changes
associated code
Windows Form Events
Figure 9-6 Form events

Inspecting the Code Generated
by Visual Studio
• Three source code
files ending with a .cs
extension are part of
the application
Expand Form1.cs
node to reveal the
Form1.Designer.cs
file
Figure 9-7 Solution Explorer window

Simple Windows Application
• IDE separates the source code into three
separate files
– Form1.cs: normally this is the only one you edit
– Form1.Designer.cs: holds the auto generated code
– Program.cs: contains the Main( ) method, where
execution always begins
• Form1.cs and Form1.Designer.cs both
include partial class definitions for the
Form1 class
Inspecting the Code - Form1.cs
• Number of namespaces automatically
added, including System.Windows.Forms
• Constructor calls InitializeComponent( )
method
public Form1( )
{
// Required for Windows Form Designer support.
InitializeComponent( );
}
•C# Programming:
This isFrom the file where event handler methods25
Problem Analysis to Program Design
will be placed
Inspecting the Code -
Form1.Designer.cs
• InitializeComponent( ) method included here
• #region Windows Form Designer generated
code preprocessor directive
– // do not modify the contents of this method with
the Code Editor
– Keyword “this.” precedes property name
• Refers to current instance of the class
– #endregion // Ends the preprocessor directive

InitializeComponent( ) Method
BackColor = Color.FromArgb (((Byte)(255)),
• Some of the ((Byte)(224)), ((Byte)(192)));
auto generated ClientSize = new Size(392, 373);
code in the Font = new Font("Arial", 12F, FontStyle.Bold,
GraphicsUnit.Point, ((Byte)(0)));
method ForeColor = Color.Blue;
– Added as Location = new Point(30, 30);
default values Margin = new Padding(4);
for properties MaximizeBox = false;
Name = "Form1";
or from
StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
changing Text = "First Windows Application";
property values
• Events
Windows Form Events
• Add code to respond to events, like button clicks
– Code goes into Form1.cs file
• From the Properties window, select the lightning

bolt (Events)
– Double-click on the event name to generate code
• Registers the event as being of interest
• Adds a heading for event-handler method

Windows Form Properties (continued)
Events
button
selected
Figure 9-6 Form1 events

Windows Form – Load Event
• Code automatically added to register event
• Code automatically added for method

heading
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
• You add statement to event-handler method

body
this.BackColor
C# Programming: = Color.Azure;
From Problem Analysis to Program Design 31
Windows Form – FormClosing Event
• Code automatically added to register event
• Code automatically added for method

heading
private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender,
FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
}
• You add statement to event-handler method
body
MessageBox.Show("Hope
C# Programming: you are
From Problem Analysis to Program having
Design fun!"); 32
Running the Windows Application
• No changes Figure 9-8
needed in Output
the file that produced
has Main( ) when the
Close button
• Run like causes the
you do event-handler
console method to
applications fire
(F5 or
Ctrl+F5)
• Controls
Controls
• Controls are all classes
– Button, Label, TextBox, ComboBox, MainMenu,
ListBox, CheckBox, RadioButton, and
MonthCalendar
• Each comes with its own predefined
properties and methods
• Each fires events
• Each is derived from the
System.Windows.Forms.Control class
Controls (continued)
Figure 9-9 Control class hierarchy

Standard Controls
Figure 9-10 Windows Forms controls

• Two procedures to place controls
– From Toolbox, double-click on control or drag and
drop
• Move, resize, and delete controls

• Format controls
– Align controls
– Make same size
– Horizontal and vertical spacing
Properties of the Control class
Table 9-2 Systems.Windows.Forms.Control class properties

Properties of the Control class
(continued)
Table 9-2 Systems.Windows.Forms.Control properties (continued)

Methods of the Control class
• Control class has over 75 properties and
over 100 methods
– Not all are useful for every class that derives
from it Table 9-3 includes
a short list of some
of the many
methods.
Explore MSDN
documentation
for more
Table 9-3 Systems.Windows.Forms.Control methods

Figure 9-11 GUI controls

Practical Tasks
• Write a Windows based application – pure
empty form with no any user added forms,
controls or events
Practical Tasks
empty form with modified Text property at
design time using Properties window
Practical Tasks
empty form with two event handlers:
• Event Load – when the form gets loaded
– To modify Text property and BackColor
property at run time
• Event FormClosing – when the form gets
closed – prior to app termination
– Call MessageBox.Show() method
Label Objects
• Provide descriptive text or labels for other
controls
• Instantiate object
Label labelName = new Label( );
• Add control to Form
this.Controls.Add(labelName);
• Set property values (some from Control
class)
– Text; TextAlign; Font; Location
Creating a TaxApp
Table 9-4 TaxApp Form1 properties
Properties set for the Form

container
Creating a TaxApp Form
Add Label
objects to
Form
object…
Use
options on
FORMAT
menu
Figure 9-12 Formatting Label objects

Adding Labels to TaxApp Form
Add Label objects, then set
their properties using the
Properties window
(View Properties window)
Table 9-5 TaxApp label5 object properties

TextBox Objects
• Used to enter data or display text during run
time
– Used for both input and output
• Instantiate object
TextBox textBoxName = new TextBox( );
• Add control to Form
this.Controls.Add(TextBoxName);
• Interesting properties
– MultiLine, ScollBars, MaxLength, PasswordChar,
CharacterCasing
TextBox Objects (continued)
Table 9-6 TextBox properties

TextBox Objects (continued)
Table 9-6 TextBox properties (continued)

Adding TextBox Objects to
TaxApp Form
Add TextBox objects,
then set their property
values
Table 9-7 TaxApp TextBox objects property changes

Button
• Enables user to click button to perform task
– If button has event-handler method and is registered as
an event to which your program is planning to respond,
event-handler method is called automatically when
button clicked
• Button object’s properties, methods, and events

– Inherits from Control (Table 9-2 & 9-3, slides 38-40)
• Text, Enabled, Focused, TabIndex

Adding Button Objects to
TaxApp Form
Add
Button
objects,
then set
their
property
values
Table 9-7 TaxApp button1 properties

Adding Button
Objects to
TaxApp Form
(continued)
Figure 9-14 Events

TaxApp Form (continued)
• When you double-click on event, an event-handler
method is created:
private void btnCompute_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
}
• AND registers click event:

this.btnCompute.Click +=
new System.EventHandler(this.btnCompute_Click);

private void btnCompute_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
string inValue;
double purchaseAmt, percent, ans;
inValue = txtPurchase.Text;
while (double.TryParse(txtPurchase.Text,out purchaseAmt)==false)
{
MessageBox.Show("Value entered must be numeric");
txtPurchase.Text = "0.0";
txtPurchase.Focus();
}
// end of source code for this method – see next slide

btnCompute_Click( ) ( … continued)
inValue = label5.Text; //inValue previously declared as string
Parse( ) used
inValue = inValue.Remove(inValue.Length-1, 1); here as opposed
to TryParse( )
…since value is
percent = double.Parse(inValue) / 100; being retrieve
ans = (purchaseAmt * percent) + purchaseAmt; from TextBox
txtTotalDue.Text = String.Format("{0:C}", ans).ToString();

}
TaxApp Form
AcceptButton
property on the
form
was set to
btnCompute
Figure 9-15 Tax calculator output

Practical Tasks
• Write a Windows based application –
elementary calculator
– Result = operand1 operator operand2
• Form Design:
– Labels, text boxes, buttons;
– Two text boxes for input values as operands
– Text box for calculated result
– Buttons for arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, %
Coding Standards
• Guidelines for Naming Controls
– Consistency
– Use appropriate prefix for controls

Thank You
For
Your Attention!

C# & Windows GUI Applications: IT 3334: Integrative Programming and Techniques

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IT 3334: Integrative Programming

• Introduction to Integrative Programming.

Introduction to Windows Programming

• Windows applications function differently

• Windows applications look differently from

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 10

Figure 9-1 Windows-based form

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 13

Figure 9-2 Visual Studio New Windows application

Toolbox Design View

Figure 9-3 Initial design screen

Figure 9-4 Dockable windows

Figure 9-5 Properties window

Figure 9-6 Form events

Figure 9-7 Solution Explorer window

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 26

• From the Properties window, select the lightning

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 29

Figure 9-6 Form1 events

• Code automatically added for method

• You add statement to event-handler method

• Code automatically added for method

Figure 9-9 Control class hierarchy

Figure 9-10 Windows Forms controls

• Move, resize, and delete controls

Table 9-2 Systems.Windows.Forms.Control class properties

Table 9-2 Systems.Windows.Forms.Control properties (continued)

Table 9-3 Systems.Windows.Forms.Control methods

Figure 9-11 GUI controls

Table 9-4 TaxApp Form1 properties

Properties set for the Form

Figure 9-12 Formatting Label objects

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 48

Table 9-5 TaxApp label5 object properties

Table 9-6 TextBox properties

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 51

Table 9-6 TextBox properties (continued)

Table 9-7 TaxApp TextBox objects property changes

• Button object’s properties, methods, and events

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 54

Table 9-7 TaxApp button1 properties

Figure 9-14 Events

• AND registers click event:

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 57

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 58

txtTotalDue.Text = String.Format("{0:C}", ans).ToString();

Figure 9-15 Tax calculator output

C# Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design 62

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