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Basic First Aid - ToPIC 3 (Soft Tissue Injuries)

The document provides information about basic first aid training for soft tissue injuries. It defines soft tissues as the layer of skin, fat, and muscle protecting underlying structures. It describes the layers of skin and functions of skin like protection and temperature regulation. It then discusses different types of soft tissue injuries including closed wounds, open wounds, abrasions, punctures, incisions, lacerations, avulsions, and amputations. For each injury, it explains causes, signs and symptoms, and dangers. Finally, it outlines first aid management steps for open wounds with minimal or severe bleeding like controlling bleeding, cleaning wounds, and seeking medical help.

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Karl James Reta
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41 views31 pages

Basic First Aid - ToPIC 3 (Soft Tissue Injuries)

The document provides information about basic first aid training for soft tissue injuries. It defines soft tissues as the layer of skin, fat, and muscle protecting underlying structures. It describes the layers of skin and functions of skin like protection and temperature regulation. It then discusses different types of soft tissue injuries including closed wounds, open wounds, abrasions, punctures, incisions, lacerations, avulsions, and amputations. For each injury, it explains causes, signs and symptoms, and dangers. Finally, it outlines first aid management steps for open wounds with minimal or severe bleeding like controlling bleeding, cleaning wounds, and seeking medical help.

Uploaded by

Karl James Reta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT ANDAM UG LUWAS KA BA?

“PROMOTING CULTURES OF PREPAREDNESS,


SAFETY AND RESILIENCY IN THE BARANGAY
THROUGH INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND
TRAINING”.

BASIC FIRST AID


TRAINING COURSE

Barangay Matina Crossing 74-A


Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Committee
BASIC FIRST AID TRAINING

Topic 3

Soft Tissue Injuries


Soft Tissues
• include the layer of skin, fat and muscle that
protect the underlying body structures

Skin
• largest single organ of the human body
Functions of the Skin

 Provides a protective barrier for the body


 prevents invasion of bacteria
 water tight to maintain body fluids

 Helps regulate the body’s temperature


 sweating cools the body when sweat
evaporate
 blood vessels in the skin dilate (increase heat
loss) and constrict (decrease heat loss)
 Absorbs information about the environment by
way of the nerves
 pain, heat, cold and other sensation are
transmitted to the brain by the skin
Layers of the Skin

 Epidermis
• the tough outer
layer, where cells
are constantly
being replaced
• deeper cells
contain skin
pigment (melanin)
• provides a barrier
to bacteria and
other organisms
that can cause
infection
 Dermis
• the deeper
layer
• contains the
important
structures of
the nerves, the
sweat and oil
glands, and the
blood vessels
 Subcutaneous
Tissue
(Hypodermis)
• the layer that
connects the
bones and
muscles to the
skin
• helps insulate the
body to help
maintain body
temperature
• stores energy
Soft Tissue Injuries

• any injury to the skin or the soft tissues beneath

Wound

• a break in the continuity of the skin


• is further classified as either closed wound or
open wound
a. Closed Wound
• a wound is closed when the soft tissue
damage occurs beneath the surface of the
skin leaving the outer layer (epidermis)
intact.
Cause of Closed Wounds

 When the body is subjected to external forces


(e.g. vehicular accident, impact from blunt
objects, contact sports)
Signs & Symptoms of Closed Wounds

 Pain and tenderness


 Swelling

 Discoloration (black and blue ecchymosis)

 Hematoma (pool of blood collected within the

damaged tissue)
 Uncontrolled restlessness

 Excessive thirst

 Vomiting or coughing up of blood

 Passage of blood in the urine or feces


First Aid Management for Closed Wounds

I - ice application (putting ice cold packs


over the injured area)

C - compression (manual compression on


injured part)

E - elevation (elevating the injured part)

S - splinting (immobilizing the injured part)

 Be alert for signs of shock.


b. Open Wound
• an injury that breaks the outer layer
(epidermis) of the skin
• any break in the skin provides an entry
point for disease-producing microorganisms

Common Causes of Open Wounds


• External physical forces
• Mishandling of sharp objects, tool
machinery, weapon and equipment
• Explosion
OPEN WOUNDS
Types of Bleeding

Arterial Bleeding

Venous Bleeding

Capillary Bleeding
Dangers of Open Wounds

1. Hemorrhage (loss of blood)

 1 - 2 glasses : normal (no effect)

 3 - 4 glasses : anemic (predisposes body

to infection)

 5 or more glasses : fatal


2. Infection
• whenever skin integrity is breached, bacterial
contamination may result
 delays healing of wound
 gangrene (decay of tissues) may develop
 may lead to amputation to prolong life
 may lead to unnecessary death

3. Shock
• severe blood loss can lead to hypo perfusion
 predisposes body to infection
 may lead to loss of body part
 may lead to death
Types of Open Wounds

• Abrasion
• Puncture
• Incision
• Laceration
• Avulsion
• Amputation
Abrasion
• Caused by scraping
or rubbing of skin
against rough
surfaces
 loss of part of
epidermis and
dermis
 injury to capillaries
 extremely painful

• Danger: Infection
Puncture

• Caused by sharp pointed


objects (e.g. ice pick, nail,
pin, dagger or bullet)
 external damage usually
minimal
 internal damage may be
extensive
 always look for an exit
wound

• Dangers: Internal Hemorrhage


Infection (Tetanus)
Shock
Incision

• Caused by sharp
bladed objects
 degree of bleeding
depends on the
depth and extent of
the cut/incision
 extremely painful

• Dangers: Hemorrhage
Infection
Shock
Laceration
• Caused by blunt or
rough-edge objects
(e.g. rocks, broken
glasses, tin cans,
barbed wire)

 may penetrate
through all skin
layers into muscle

• Dangers: Hemorrhage
Infection
Shock
Avulsion
• Caused by motor
vehicle accidents,
mishandling of tools,
animal bites
 piece of skin
completely loose or
left as flap
 bleeds a lot
 circulation in flap
usually in jeopardy
• Dangers: Hemorrhage
Infection
Shock
Amputation
• Caused by explosion,
vehicular accident,
chopping using bladed
weapon
 complete removal of a
body extremity such as
an arm or a leg
 massive bleeding may
be present or bleeding
may be limited

• Dangers: Hemorrhage
Infection
Shock
First Aid Management for Open Wounds

a. Open Wounds with Minimal Bleeding:

• Wash or clean the wound with soap and


water.

• Blot the wound dry.


• Apply an antiseptic.
• Cover wound with dressing (sterile or clean
cloth) then tape or bandage.
First Aid Management for Open Wounds

b. Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding:

1. Control or stop the bleeding.

• Direct Pressure
 Pressing the palm of the hand over the
wound, with or without compress or cloth,
prevents loss of blood from the body
without interfering with normal blood
circulation.
• Elevation
 Elevating the wounded part above the level
of the victim’s heart reduces blood pressure on
the injured area hence would aid in slowing
down the loss of blood through the wound
opening.

• Pressure Point Technique


 Applying pressure at specific point
(supplying artery) on the arm (brachial
artery) or leg (femoral artery) compresses
the main artery supplying blood to the affected
limb thus slowing down the flow of blood.
• Tourniquet
 Applying tightly a wide band of cloth or
other material just above an amputated
extremity would stop all flow of blood.
Employing tourniquet, however, is a decision
to risk or sacrifice a limb in order to save a
life.

 Tourniquet must only be applied as a last


resort.
2. Cover the wound with dressing and
bandage.

3. Care for shock.

4. Consult or refer to physician.


(Seek medical help immediately)
QUESTIONS?
Let us not grow tired of doing
good, for in due time we shall
reap our harvest, if we do not
give up…

Galatians 6:9

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