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Project On Water Management

This document is a student project on the topic of water management. It includes an acknowledgement, index, and sections on introduction, sources of water, water treatment, and water supply. The introduction discusses water management and scarcity. The sources of water section describes natural fresh water sources. The water treatment section explains water treatment removes contaminants to make water safe for drinking. The water supply section discusses providing treated water to homes and communities through pumps and pipes.

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Gagandeep Singh Jass
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7K views10 pages

Project On Water Management

This document is a student project on the topic of water management. It includes an acknowledgement, index, and sections on introduction, sources of water, water treatment, and water supply. The introduction discusses water management and scarcity. The sources of water section describes natural fresh water sources. The water treatment section explains water treatment removes contaminants to make water safe for drinking. The water supply section discusses providing treated water to homes and communities through pumps and pipes.

Uploaded by

Gagandeep Singh Jass
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME – GAGANDEEP SINGH JASS

CLASS – X-B

ROLL NO -8

ADMIN NO - 4068
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SPECIAL THANKS OF
GRATITUDE TO MY BIOLOGY TEACHER , MRS. ANU
RATHAUR WHO GAVE ME THE GOLDEN
OPPORTUNITY TO DO THE WONDERFUL PROJECT
ON TOPIC WATER MANAGEMENT WHICH HELPED
ME TO LEARN A LOT IN THE RESEARCH AND
COURSE OF COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT .
INDEX
• TOPIC PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION 4
SOURCES OF WATER 5
WATER TREATMENT 7
WATER SUPPLY 9
INTRODUCTION
• WATER MANAGEMENT IS THE ACTIVITY OF PLANNING,
DEVELOPING, DISTRIBUTING AND MANAGING THE
OPTIMUM USE OF WATER RESOURCES. WATER IS A BASIC
NECESSITY. NO LIVING CREATURE CAN LIVE WITHOUT
WATER. THERE’S A SCARCITY OF WATER. TO AVOID THIS
SCARCITY, WATER IS SAVED AND MANAGED EFFICIENTLY.
WATER MANAGEMENT
• SOURCES OF WATER :
WATER RESOURCES ARE NATURAL RESOURCES OF WATER THAT
ARE POTENTIALLY USEFUL AS A SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY. 97% OF
THE WATER ON THE EARTH IS SALT WATER AND ONLY THREE
PERCENT IS FRESH WATER; SLIGHTLY OVER TWO THIRDS OF THIS IS
FROZEN IN GLACIERS AND POLAR ICE CAPS. THE REMAINING
UNFROZEN FRESHWATER IS FOUND MAINLY AS GROUNDWATER,
WITH ONLY A SMALL FRACTION PRESENT ABOVE GROUND OR IN
THE AIR. NATURAL SOURCES OF FRESH WATER INCLUDE SURFACE
WATER, UNDER RIVER FLOW, GROUNDWATER AND FROZEN WATER.
ARTIFICIAL SOURCES OF FRESH WATER CAN INCLUDE TREATED
WASTEWATER (RECLAIMED WATER) AND DESALINATED SEAWATER.
Uses of water
include agricultural, industrial, household, recreati
onal and environmental activities.

Water resources are under threat from water


scarcity, water pollution, water.
conflict and climate change. Fresh water is
a renewable resource, yet the world’s supply
of groundwater is steadily decreasing, with
depletion occurring most prominently in Asia,
South America and North America, although it is
still unclear how much natural
renewal balances this usage, and
whether ecosystems are threatened. The
framework for allocating water resources to water
users (where such a framework exists) is known
as water rights.
• Water Treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves
the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use.
The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation,
river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses,
including being safely returned to the environment. Water
treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or
reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its
desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and
allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
Water contamination is primarily caused by the discharge of
untreated wastewater from enterprises. The effluent from various
enterprises, which contains varying levels of contaminants, is
dumped into rivers or other water resources.
TREATMENT FOR DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION INVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS AND/OR
INACTIVATION OF ANY POTENTIALLY HARMFUL MICROBES FROM RAW WATER TO PRODUCE WATER THAT
IS PURE ENOUGH FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION WITHOUT ANY SHORT TERM OR LONG TERM RISK OF ANY ADVERSE
HEALTH EFFECT. IN GENERAL TERMS, THE GREATEST MICROBIAL RISKS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INGESTION OF
WATER THAT IS CONTAMINATED WITH HUMAN OR ANIMAL (INCLUDING BIRD) FAECES. FAECES CAN BE A SOURCE OF
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, VIRUSES, PROTOZOA AND HELMINTHS. THE REMOVAL OR DESTRUCTION OF MICROBIAL
PATHOGENS IS ESSENTIAL, AND COMMONLY INVOLVES THE USE OF REACTIVE CHEMICAL AGENTS SUCH
AS SUSPENDED SOLIDS, TO REMOVE BACTERIA, ALGAE, VIRUSES, FUNGI,
AND MINERALS INCLUDING IRON AND MANGANESE. RESEARCH INCLUDING PROFESSOR LINDA LAWTON’S GROUP
AT ROBERT GORDON UNIVERSITY, ABERDEEN IS WORKING TO IMPROVE DETECTION OF CYANOBACTERIA. THESE
SUBSTANCES CONTINUE TO CAUSE GREAT HARM TO SEVERAL LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES WHO DO NOT HAVE
ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS.
MEASURES TAKEN TO ENSURE WATER QUALITY NOT ONLY RELATE TO THE TREATMENT OF THE WATER, BUT TO ITS
CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION AFTER TREATMENT. IT IS THEREFORE COMMON PRACTICE TO KEEP RESIDUAL
DISINFECTANTS IN THE TREATED WATER TO KILL BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION DURING DISTRIBUTION AND
TO KEEP THE PIPES CLEAN.
WATER SUPPLIED TO DOMESTIC PROPERTIES SUCH AS FOR TAP WATER OR OTHER USES, MAY BE FURTHER TREATED
BEFORE USE, OFTEN USING AN IN-LINE TREATMENT PROCESS. SUCH TREATMENTS CAN INCLUDE WATER
SOFTENING OR ION EXCHANGE. MANY PROPRIETARY SYSTEMS ALSO CLAIM TO REMOVE RESIDUAL DISINFECTANTS
AND HEAVY METAL IONS.
• Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public
utilities, commercial organisations, community
endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of
pumps and pipes. Public water supply systems are
crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems
are what supply drinking water to populations around
the globe. Aspects of service quality include continuity
of supply, water quality and water pressure. The
institutional responsibility for water supply is arranged
differently in different countries and regions (urban
versus rural). It usually includes issues surrounding
policy and regulation, service provision and
standardization.
Water supply systems get water from a variety of
locations after appropriate treatment,
including groundwater (aquifers), surface
water (lakes and rivers), and the sea through desalination.
The water treatment steps include, in most
cases, purification, disinfection through chlorination and
sometimes fluoridation. Treated water then either flows
by gravity or is pumped to reservoirs, which can be
elevated such as water towers or on the ground (for
indicators related to the efficiency of drinking
water distribution see non-revenue water). Once water is
used, wastewater is typically discharged in
a sewer system and treated in a sewage treatment
plant before being discharged into a river, lake, or the sea
or reused for landscaping or irrigation.

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