Scribd
Upload
34 views9 pages

Name-Programme - Student Code - Subject - Subject Code - Topic

This document provides an overview of the basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It discusses the history and development of MRI, how protons behave inside and outside of a magnetic field, how radiofrequency pulses are used to manipulate proton alignment and generate signals, and how the signals are received and processed to form medical images. Key topics covered include Larmor frequency, longitudinal and transverse magnetization, T1 and T2 relaxation times, and how Fourier transformation is used to transform MRI signals into anatomical images.

Uploaded by

Binodgopal Kundu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views9 pages

Name-Programme - Student Code - Subject - Subject Code - Topic

This document provides an overview of the basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It discusses the history and development of MRI, how protons behave inside and outside of a magnetic field, how radiofrequency pulses are used to manipulate proton alignment and generate signals, and how the signals are received and processed to form medical images. Key topics covered include Larmor frequency, longitudinal and transverse magnetization, T1 and T2 relaxation times, and how Fourier transformation is used to transform MRI signals into anatomical images.

Uploaded by

Binodgopal Kundu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Name- SOUVIK MODAK

Programme- BSC MRIT

Student Code- BWU/BRI/20/003

Subject- Physics of Newer Imaging Modalities

Subject Code- BMRIT401

Topic- Basic Principles Of MRI


Table OF CONTENT
History & Introduction

Body Outside The Magnetic Field

Body Inside The Magnetic Field

RF Pulse On

RF Pulse Off

Formation Of Image
History & introduction
MRI is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form
pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the
body, using strong magnetic fields.

In 1971, Paul Lauterbur created NMR images.

In the late 1970s, physicists Peter Mansfield and Paul


Lauterbur developed MRI-related techniques, like the echo-
planar imaging (EPI) technique.
Raymond Damadian's
 They awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize.
"Apparatus and method for
In the 1970s Damadian, Hazlewood and Chang and several detecting cancer in tissue"
others, initiated a program to catalog the relaxation times of a
wide range of biological tissues, which became one of the
main motivations for the development of MRI .
body OUTside the magnetic field

Protons help in MR imaging.

Normally the protons in human body


(outside the magnetic field) move
randomly in any direction.
Proton orientations: (A)
Protons are spin and generate current. Random orientaion of spins
and their magnetic moments;
(B) Orderly orientation of
spins in the presense of
external magnetic field
body INside the magnetic field
 When patient is placed in the magnet, these randomly moving
protons align parallel and others anti-parallel.

Precession occurs in protons,the number of precessions of a


proton per second is called precession frequency is expressed by
Larmors equation— [Wo = γBo]

For the orientation in space consider X, Y, and Z axes system.

External magnetic field is directed along the Z-axis.Protons align


parallel and antiparallel along positive and negative sides of the Z-
axis.

There are few protons on positive side that retain their


forces,add up together to form a magnetic vector along the Z-axis.
Longitudinal magnetization
This is called as longitudinal magnetization.
rf pulse on
The precessing protons pick up some energy from the
radiofrequency pulse.

Some of these protons go to higher energy level and


start precessing antiparallel.

The imbalance results in tilting of the magnetization Transverse magnetization


into the transverse (X-Y) plane. This is called as
transverse magnetization.

Transverse magnetization vector constantly rotates at


Larmor frequency in the transverse plane and induces
electric current while doing so,the receiver RF coil
Recieving MR Signals
receives this current as MR signal.
rf pulse off
When RF pulse is switched off, LM starts increasing along Z-axis
and TM starts reducing in the transverse plane.

The process of recovery of LM is called Longitudinal Relaxation


Longitudinal relaxation
while reduction in the magnitude of TM is called as Transverse
Relaxation.

The time taken by LM to recover to its original value after RF


pulse is switched off is called longitudinal relaxation time or T1,
when LM reaches back to 63% of its original value. Transverse relaxation

The time taken by TM to reduce to its original value is transverse


relaxation time or T2, the time taken by the TM to reduce to 37%
of its maximum value.
T1 & T2 Curves
Formation of image
The transverse magnetization vector precesses in transverse plane and
generates current,is received as signal by the RF coil.

MR signal received by the coil is transformed into image by complex


mathematical process such as Fourier Transformation by computers.
THANK YOU

You might also like