What is computer network?

Computer network is a
connection of two or
more computers, or
other devices,
connected together to
exchange data.
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 Advantages of networks

Sharing peripheral devices

Sharing program and data

Faster and flexible

communications 3
 Advantages of networks
Sharing peripheral devices
Sharing printers, scanners,
storages and etc.
It allows us to avoid buying
expensive devices for each
computer.
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Advantages of networks

Able to use

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 Advantages of networks

Sharing program and data

 It makes a group work and system maintenances easier.
 We can avoid effort to send and receive document data each other.
 We can avoid giving maintenance of the application for each computer.

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or edit directly

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 Advantages of networks

Faster and flexible communications

 Email, Instant messaging, video meeting and etc.
 It reduces restrictions of distance and time.

Internet

Zambia Japan

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 Disadvantages of networks
 Security risks such as a virus and
hacking.
 Cost to prepare and connect computers
to the network.
 Troubles by network failure and slow
services.
 Expert support required to maintain.
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 What are wired and wireless
networks?
Wired network
A type of network consists of connections
with cables.

Wireless network
A type of network consists of connections
with radio signals (also known as Wi-Fi).

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 Advantages of wireless network
Flexibility of movement for
users
→ because it’s not restricted by length
of cables.
Built easily
→ because it doesn’t require pulling
cables on walls.
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 Advantages of wireless network
Easy to maintain
→ because it doesn’t require taking
care of tons of cables.
Capacity of connections
→ because number of connections is
not restricted by number of physical
port.
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Disadvantages of wireless network
Unstable connection
→ radio signal is easily affected by
other signals, climate or wall.
Slow speed of transmitting
data
→ generally, wired network is
faster than wireless network.
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 Disadvantages of wireless network
Security effort required
by password and
encryption.
→ because anyone can catch
signals inside the area.
** Encryption: conversion of
data into secret code. 13
 Variation of wireless network
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
A type of LAN that is wireless network.
Cellular network (Mobile network)
Wireless network distributed over
land through number of radio
transceivers called cell site or based
station.
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 Variation of wireless network

Satellite network
Wireless network
provided through
satellites.
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 Variation of wireless network
Inside home, office and etc
Internet access spot through
public WLAN is called “Hotspot”.
(e.g. airport, cafe, restaurant)

WLAN

Cellular network Satellite network

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COMPUTER NETWORKS

TYPES OF NETWORKS

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 TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Networks are categories
according to the geographical
(Distance)areas that they cover.
• On the basis of distance, there
are seven basic networks:

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1.Personal Area Network (PAN).
2.Home Area Network (HAN).
3.Local Area Network (LAN).
4.Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN).
5.Storage Area Network (SAN).
6.Wide Area Network (WAN).
7.Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). 19
 PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
• A network of personal
computer devices such
as Laptop, mobile
phone and printer,
used by one person.
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• The devices are
connected within the
user’s personal space.
• Devices are connected
by wired cables or
wirelessly by Bluetooth.
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 HOME AREA NETWORK (HAN)
• A HAN covers a much
larger area than PAN.
• It is used by more
than one person.
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• Computers and devices
are connected within a
radius of 10 meters.
• Devices are hard-wired
or connected wirelessly
by Wi-Fi. 24
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LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
• A privately owned
network connecting
computers within a
building, school or an
office. 26
•Devices in the LAN
are called Nodes.
•Devices are
connected wired or
wirelessly.
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LOCAL AREA NETWORK
(LAN)

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 ADVANTAGES
1)Sharing of hardware and
software.
2)Work station survival during
network failure.
3)Very easy to add new
computers.
4)High data transfer rate. 29
 DISADVANTAGES
1.Maintenance cost.
2.Covers small
geographic area
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 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
(MAN)
• It is designed to service
a Metropolitan area
such as a city, or town
or entire country.
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• It is usually owned by a
network provider in
order to provide users
with access to the
MAN.
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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

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 ADVANTAGES
1.It covers wide Area than
LAN.
2.Information can be
shared and transferred
more widely, and rapidly.
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 DISADVANTAGES
1.It will only apply if the
personal computer or
terminal can compete.

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STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN)
• It is a high speed network
connecting a number of
computers to storage
devices.
• It uses optical cables.
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• It’s purpose is to
transfer data between
servers and storage
elements.
• It also store and
protects data. 38
STORAGE AREA NETWORK
(SAN)

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 WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
It is the mother of world wide web
(WWW).
It covers wider area than MAN.
It uses many types of transmission
media such as cables, telephones,
radio waves, microwaves and
satellites to communicate.
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 WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Users of WAN include Banks and
cellular phone providers(MTN,
AIRTEL, VODAPHONE and
ZAMTEL) with branches in many
cities and towns all over the world.
A good example of WAN is the
Internet.
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MICROWAVES

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WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

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 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)
• This is a wireless network
technology used to
connect computers to a
wireless network or to the
internet.
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 ADVANTAGES OF A NETWORK
1.It enables high speed
communication
2.It saves money through sharing
of expensive devices like
Printers and Scanners.
3.Sharing of internet connection
and software. 49
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 ADVANTAGES OF A NETWORK
4. For collaboration;
this is when several
people work together
on a task to produce
better end results.
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DISADVANTAGES OF A NETWORK
1. Security of information
is an issue.
2. Viruses are easily
spread through
networks.
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 DISADVANTAGES OF A NETWORK
3. Networks are
expensive to set up.
4. They require
technical knowledge to
set up and administer.
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 WEB BROWSERS
• A web browser is an application
used to view a website.
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is
the web address of a website.
• Browsing the Internet means
searching the internet for whatever
you want.
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 WEB BROWSERS
• A search engine is a website or an
application which you use in order to locate
information quickly.
• EXAMPLES of search engine include;
1. Google
2. Yahoo
3. Duckduckgo
4. Ask
5. Bing and Excite. 55
 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN WEBSITE AND
WEB PAGE.
• The Website consists of Web pages. The
information you access on a Website is actually
located in Web pages within that Website, just
as the information you access in a book is
located on a particular page within that book.
 A Web page is actually a document of
information that you access from a Website.
A website has an address like this:
www.something.com.
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