Chapter 3

Using MIS
10th Edition
Chapter 4
Hardware, Software, and
Mobile Systems
Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-1
“3D Printing Our Own Drones Isn’t Going
to Save Us Enough Money.”
• Investigating using 3D-printed parts to make

drones in-house.
 Cost-savings, greater flexibility updating current fleet.
• Not enough parts can be replicated.
 Nonprintable component parts.
• Maybe not compatible with internal systems.
• Passive recharging platform using 3D-printed parts
a huge success.
• Frustrating, costly to be on “bleeding edge.”
Study Questions
Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about
computer hardware?
Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?
software?
Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?
Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web
applications?
Q4-6 Why are mobile systems increasingly important?
Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at
work?
Q4-8 2027?
Processors and Memory
Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?
• Central processing unit (CPU) - “the brain.”

• Dual-processor and Quad-processor computers.
• CPUs vary in speed, function, cost.
• CPU works in conjunction with main memory
(RAM).
• CPU reads data and instructions from memory,
and stores results of computation in memory.
Storage Hardware
• Save data and programs

• Common storage devices
 Non-volatile
– Magnetic disks (Hard drive)
– Solid-state storage (SSD)
– Thumb drives
– Optical disks (CD/DVD)
 Volatile - cache and main memory
Basic Types of Hardware
Hardware Type Example(s)

Personal computer (PC)
Apple Mac Pro
Including desktops and laptops
Tablet iPad, Microsoft Surface, Google
Including e-book readers Nexus, Kindle Fire
Smartphone Samsung Galaxy, iPhone
Server Dell PowerEdge Server
Server farm Racks of servers (Figure 4-2)
Figure 4-1 Basic Types of Hardware
Server Farm
Figure 4-2 Server Farm

Source: © Andrew Twort/Alamy
Computer Data: Binary Digits (Bits)
Figure 4-3 Bits Are Easy to Represent Physically
Important Storage Capacity Terminology
Term Definition Abbreviation

Byte Number of bits to represent one character
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes KB
Megabyte 1,024 KB = 1,048,576 bytes MB
Gigabyte 1,024 MB = 1,073,741,824 bytes GB
Terabyte 1,024 GB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes TB
Petabyte 1,024 TB = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes PB
Exabyte 1,024 PB = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes EB
Zettabyte 1,024 EB = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes ZB
Figure 4-4 Important Storage-Capacity Terminology
Specifying Hardware with Computer Data
Sizes
• Disk capacities specified by amount of bytes.

 500 GB
• CPU speed expressed in cycles called hertz.
 Slow personal computer speed of 3 Gigahertz.
 Fast PC 3.5+ GHz.
Disruptive New Tech Hardware
• Potentially disruptive hardware developments for

existing organizations.
1. Internet of Things (IoT)
2. Digital Reality Devices
3. Self-driving Cars
4. 3D Printing
Internet of Things (IoT)
• Everyday objects
embedded with hardware
capable of sensing,
processing, transmitting
data.
• Objects share data via a
network with any other
application, service, or
device.
Figure 4-5 Smartphone Development
Source: Grgroup/Fotolia
Impact of the Internet of Things
• GE’s Industrial Internet

 Increase efficiencies, reduce waste, improve decision
making.
 Greatest potential for smart devices in hospitals,
power grids, railroads, and manufacturing plants.
• Smart buildings (Microsoft)
 ID problems like wasteful lighting, competing heating
and cooling systems, rogue fans, etc.
Digital Reality Devices
• Tremendous potential to revolutionize our daily

lives.
• Will create entirely new types of companies.
• Change the way people live, work, shop, and
entertain themselves.
• Different levels of digital reality on a continuum
from completely real environments to completely
virtual environments.
Digital Reality Devices (cont’d)
• Augmented reality (AR) is the altering of reality

by overlaying digital information on real-world
objects.
• Mixed reality (MR) is the combination of the real
physical world with interactive virtual images or
objects.
• Virtual reality (VR), or a completely computer-
generated virtual world with interactive digital
objects.
Digital Reality Devices (cont’d)
Augmented
Reality Reality Mixed Reality Virtual Reality
Microsoft Facebook's
Example Glasses Google Glass Hololens Oculus Rift
Virtual Information No Yes Yes Yes
Virtual Objects No No Yes Yes
Virtual World No No No Yes
Figure 4-7 Levels of Digital Reality
Self-driving Cars by 2020
• Make things easier, cheaper,

safer.
• Automobile accidents may
become a thing of the past.
– Car insurance eliminated (?).
• Eliminate need to have
multiple cars.
• Avoid costly traffic tickets,
parking tickets, DUI citations. Figure 4-9 Future Cars Will Drive Themselves
Source: Dan Race/Fotolia
Self-driving Cars Will Disrupt Businesses
• Auto sales - Fewer cars on road may mean fewer

cars sold.
• Auto loans, insurance, collision repair shops.
• More jobs for engineers, programmers, systems
designers.
• More computer hardware, sensors, and cameras
in vehicles.
3D Printing
• Plastics, metals, ceramics, foods,

biological material.
• Opportunities in aerospace,
defense, automotive,
entertainment, and healthcare
industries.
• What happens when 3D-print
extra-large objects like cars,
airplanes, boats, houses, drones,
Figure 4-10 3D Printer
etc. becomes possible? Source: Seraficus/iStock/Getty Images
Existing 3D Printing Examples
• ChefJet
 Culinary artists and novices can produce intricate,
beautiful, and fully customized deserts.
• Living cells
 Organs, bones, heart valves, skin, joints.
• Houses & buildings
 Print house in 24 hours.
Categories of Computer Software
Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?
Operating System Application Programs
Programs that control the client Applications that are processed on

Client
computer’s resources client computers
Programs that control the server Applications that are processed on

Server
computer’s resources server computers
Figure 4-11 Categories of Computer Software
Major Operating Systems
Operating
Category Used for Remarks
System
Personal computer Most widely used operating system in business. Current version
Windows
clients is Windows 10. Includes a touch interface.
First used by graphic artists and others in arts community; now
Mac OS Macintosh clients used more widely. First desktop OS to provide a touch interface.
Current version is the macOS Sierra.
Nonmobile
Clients Popular on powerful client computers used in engineering,
Unix Workstation clients computer-assisted design, architecture. Difficult for the
nontechnical user. Almost never used by business clients.
Open source variant of Unix. Adapted to almost every type of
Linux Just about anything computing device. On a PC, used with Libre Office application
software. Rarely used by business clients.
Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems
Major Operating Systems (cont’d)
Operating
Category Used for Remarks
System
Nokia, Samsung, and other
Symbian Popular worldwide, but less so in North America.
phones
Device and OS developed for use by business. Very
Research in Motion
BlackBerry OS popular in beginning, but losing market share to iOS
BlackBerries
and Android.
Mobile Rapidly increasing installed base with success of the
iOS iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad
Clients iPhone and iPad. Based on Mac OS X.
Samsung, Google, HTC,
Linux-based phone/tablet operating system from
Android and Sony smartphones;
Google. Rapidly increasing market share.
tablets
Windows 10 Nokia and Microsoft Windows 10 tailored specifically for mobile devices.
(mobile) Surface Full Windows 10 on Surface Pro.
Windows Server Servers Businesses with a strong commitment to Microsoft.
Servers Unix Servers Fading from use. Replaced by Linux.
Linux Servers Very popular. Aggressively pushed by IBM.
Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems
Example of the Modern Interface
Figure 4-13 Example of the Modern-Style Interface

Source: Microsoft Corporation
Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in
Microsoft Windows 7 Professional
Figure 4-14 Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in Microsoft Windows 7 Professional
Windows Server Computer Hosting Two
Virtual Machines
Figure 4-15 Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

How Virtual Machine Example
Figure 4-16 Virtual Machine Example

Own Versus License
• License
• Right to use specified number of copies.
• Limits vendor’s liability.
• Site License
– Flat fee to install software product on all company
computers or all computers at specific site.
• Open Source
• No license fee.
What Types of Applications Exist, and How
Do Organizations Obtain Them?
Figure 4-17 Software Sources and Types
What Is Firmware?
• Special software installed on read-only memory

(ROM)
 Printers, print servers, communication devices.
 As if program’s logic is designed into device’s circuitry.
 Can be changed and upgraded like other software, but
normally a task for IS professionals.
New from CES 2016
So What?
• Transparent and Flexible TVs

 Looks like a normal piece of tinted glass when you’re
done watching it.
 LG’s new 18-inch flexible display rolls up like a sheet
of paper.
• DietSensor
 Scans the food you’re about to eat and determines the
amount of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the
food.
• “it” Smart Bed
Examples of Open Source Software
• LibreOffice (default office suite in Linux distributions)

• Firefox (a browser)
• MySQL (a DBMS, see Chapter 5)
• Apache (a Web server, see Chapter 6)
• Ubuntu (a Windows-like desktop operating system)
• Android (a mobile device operating system)
• Cassandra (a NoSQL DBMS, see Chapter 5)
• Hadoop (a BigData processing system, see Chapter 9)
Why Do Programmers Volunteer Their
Services to Open Source Projects?
• Exercise creativity on interesting & fulfilling

projects.
• Freedom to choose projects.
• Exhibit skills to get a job.
• Start a business selling services.
• Succeeds because of collaboration.
Source Code Sample
Figure 4-18 Source Code Sample
How Does Open Source Work?
Closed-source or pr
Machine code: oprietary software
Source code: Source code
Human compiled into Only available to
readable instructions trusted employees
executed directly and carefully vetted
computer
by computer’s contractors.
code CPU
Open-source softwa
re
available to public.
Software
So, Is Open Source Viable?
• Depends on requirements and constraints.

• “Free” open source software might require support
and operational costs exceeding cost of licensing
fee.
• Blending proprietary and open source software in
future.
• Closed source project
 Highly protected source code, only available to trusted
employees and carefully vetted contractors.
Native vs. Web Applications
Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?
Native Applications Web Applications

Objective-C html5
Development Java css3
Languages C#, C++, VB.NET, Swift JavaScript
(object-oriented languages) (scripting language)
Professional programmers and technically
Developed by Professional programmers, only oriented Web developers and business
professionals
Skill level required High Low to high
Easy to hard, depending on application
Difficulty High
requirements
Computer science
Developer's Degree Computer science Information systems
Graphics design
Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications
Native vs. Web Applications (cont’d)
Native Applications Web Applications

User Can be superb, depending on Simple to sophisticated, depending on
Experience programming quality program quality
Possible Some limits prohibit very sophisticated
Whatever you can pay for…
applications applications
Dependency iOS, Android, Windows Browser differences, only
Low to high ... easier work by lesser-paid
High. Difficult work by highly paid
employees, only multiple browser files
Cost employees, multiple versions
necessary. Sophisticated applications may
required.
require high skill and pay.
Application Via application stores (e.g.,
Via Web sites
distribution Apple Store)
Seafood Web site: www.wildrhodyseafood.com
Vanguard iPad application (free
Example
in Apple's iTunes store)
Picozu editor: www.picozu.com/editor
Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications
Developing Native Applications
• Run on any operating system and device.

• Serious, heavy-duty, professional programming
languages.
 Objective-C, C#, C++, Swift, Java, VB.NET, etc.
 Close control over computing device, enable creation
of sophisticated and complex user interfaces.
 Fast and efficient use of memory.
• Limited to type of operating system.
• Costly development.
Developing Web Applications
• Web development languages: html5, css3,

Javascript.
• Browsers handle idiosyncrasies of operating
system and underlying hardware.
– html5: support for graphics, animation, 2D
animations, other sophisticated user experiences.
– css3: used with html5 to specify appearance of html
coded content.
– JavaScript: provides underlying logic of application.
GetHuGames SpiroCanvas
Figure 4-20 GethuGames’ SpiroCanvas

Source: www.gethugames.in/spirocanvas/ Reprinted by permission
Sophisticated HTML5 Application
Figure 4-21 Sophisticated html5 Application

Source: Image created using the BioDigital Human (www.biodigital.com)
Which Is Better?
• Depends on:
 Strategy and goals.
 Application requirements.
 Budget.
 Schedule.
 Tolerance for managing technical projects.
 Need for application revenue.
• Thin-client applications cheaper to develop and
maintain.
• May lack "Wow!" factor.
Ethics Guide: Free Apps for Data
Ethics Guide
• How do you monetize “free” apps?

• “If you’re not paying for it, you are the product.
• Data Brokers
• Snoopwall reports
 Flashlight Apps
 Require permission to access data about your
location, network connectivity, USB storage, install
shortcuts, receive data to/from the Internet, modify
your system settings, and disable your screen lock.
Free Apps For Data
Ethics Guide
Super-Bright Brightest Brightest LED High-Powered Tiny Flashlight +

Permissions LED Flashlight Flashlight Free Flashlight Flashlight Flashlight LED
Take pictures and videos X X X X X X
Receive data from Internet X X X
Control flashlight X X X X** X X
Change system display settings X* X* X*
Modify system settings X* X* X*
Prevent device from sleeping X X X X X X
View network connections X X X X X X
Full network access X X X X X X
Run at startup X
Control vibration X
Retrieve running apps X* X*
Modify or delete the contents of your storage X X* X*
Read the contents of your storage X X* X*
View Wi-Fi connections X X* X*
Read phone status and identity X X X*
Read Home settings and shortcuts X X*
Write Home settings and shortcuts X*
Disable your screen lock X*
Install shortcuts X X*
Uninstall shortcuts X X*
Approximate location X X*
Precise location X X*
Disable or modify status bar X*
Draw over other apps X**
Count 2013 20 15 13 9 15 6
Count 2014 8 15 13 9 15 7
Count 2016 6 14 8 5 6 7
* Dropped for 2016
** Added for 2016
Elements of Mobile Systems
Figure 4-22 Elements of a Mobile Information System
Five Components of Mobile Change and
Opportunity
Hardware Software Data Procedures People

More data, but
Compact Always on, always
more information? Ability to thrive in a
Many, many more interfaces; new at work. Employee
Impact of mobile Less device real dynamic
mobile devices technology for lifestyle becomes
systems growth estate means environment more
will be sold. active users; hybrid of personal
fewer ads important.
application scaling. and professional.
possible.
PCs less
important; high
html5, css3, and More part-time
demand (and
Industry JavaScript increase Loss of control. Ad Personal mobile employees and
requirement) for
changes capability of thin- model in danger? devices at work. independent
innovative devices
clients. contractors.
as well as cheap
copycats.
Innovative use of
New technology Independent
just-in-time data.
levels the playing Reporting and data contractors (and
Jobs for mobile Need for adjusting
field for html5. mining even more some employees)
Career device sales, business
Business expertise important. Design work where and
opportunities marketing, processes gives
needed for mobile of effective mobile when they want.
support. another premium
requirements. New reports. What is this new
to nonroutine
companies! social organism?
problem solvers.
Figure 4-23 Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity
Personal Mobile Devices at Work
Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?
Advantages Disadvantages
Cost savings Data loss or damage
Greater employee satisfaction Loss of control
Reduced need for training Compatibility problems
Higher productivity Risk of infection
Reduced support costs Greater support costs
Figure 4-24 Advantages and Disadvantages of Employee Use of Mobile Systems at Work
Survey of Organizational BYOD Policy
Figure 4-25 Six Common BYOD Policies
Advantages of Example BYOD Policies
BYOD Policy Description Advantage to Organization

Organization looks the other way when
They don’t exist None
employees bring mobile devices to work.
You’ll be able to sign in to our wireless Packet sniffing of employee mobile device
We’ll be a coffee shop
network using your mobile device. use at work.
We’ll offer limited systems Organization creates https applications Employees gain public access from any
you can access from any with sign-in and offers access to device, not just mobile devices, without
device noncritical business systems. having to use VPN accounts.
You’re responsible for Threatening posture to discourage Appear to be permissive without actually
damage employee use of mobile devices at work. being so.
We’ll check it out, reload Employees can use their mobile devices
Employee buys the hardware (perhaps
software, then manage just as if they were computers provided
with an employer's contribution).
remotely by the corporate IS department.
Employees are not to use mobile devices

Ultimate in control for highly secure work
If you connect it, we own it at work. If they do, they lose them. Part of
situations (intelligence, military).
employment agreement.
Figure 4-26 Advantages of Example BYOD Policies
Hardware, Software, and Mobile Systems in
2027?
Q4-8 2027?
• Always on, always connected, always communicating,

always working, and playing trend continues.
• Internet of Things
 Home analyzes you; see what, how, when you do things,
anticipate your needs.
 Same at work.
 Hot jobs today – IoT architect, marketing technologist, BigData
architect, and DevOps manager.
• Best-paying jobs in 2026 don’t currently exist.
• To prepare, cultivate creativity, novel problem solving, good
judgment, develop sincere desire to learn new things.
Smart Home
Q4-8 2027?
Figure 4-27 Smart Home

Source: Si-Gal/iStock Vectors/Getty Images
Poisoned App-les
Security Guide
• Apple reported that dozens of apps available on

the App Store contained a malware application
named XcodeGhost.
– Accessed user credentials
– Hijacked URLs
– Able to read and write data on devices
– Compromised other iOS apps.
• More than 500 million iOS users could have been
exposed.
Poisoned App-les (cont’d)
Security Guide
• Apple notified users that the dangerous apps had

been removed from the App Store.
• Key Point: An app does not have to be considered
malware to be dangerous or invasive.
• Do users end up paying for apps with their
privacy?
• Can developers change the terms of privacy
agreements after a user has agreed to a prior
version of the terms?
Technical Account Manager
Career Guide
Alfredo Zorrilla at Microsoft Corp.

Q. What attracted you to this field?
A. “Working as a technical account manager is a great way to
combine relationship management with technical planning and
troubleshooting. I didn’t want to just sit at a desk all day and "crush
code." I also wanted to be involved in high-level strategy discussions
with BDMs (business decision makers) and TDMs (technical
decision makers).”
Q. What advice would you give to someone who is
considering working in your field?
A. “… demonstrate you are an expert in one or two things but can
also speak reasonably well to many others… because many
platforms are becoming increasingly interdependent.”
Active Review
computer hardware?
software?
Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web
applications?
Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at
work?
Q4-8 2027?
The Apple of Your i
Case Study 4
• Created mobile markets with iPod, iPhone, iPad.

• Opened own stores.
– Open and inviting sales floor, Genius Bar help desk,
incredibly well-trained and disciplined sales force.
• Pioneered Internet sale of music and applications.
• Tripled market share in three years.
• Second largest public company in world.
The Apple of Your i (cont’d)
Case Study 4
Figure 4-28 Growth in Apple Stock Price

Source: Financial data from finance.yahoo.com

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Using MIS

• Investigating using 3D-printed parts to make

• Central processing unit (CPU) - “the brain.”

• Save data and programs

Hardware Type Example(s)

Figure 4-1 Basic Types of Hardware

Figure 4-2 Server Farm

Figure 4-3 Bits Are Easy to Represent Physically

Term Definition Abbreviation

Figure 4-4 Important Storage-Capacity Terminology

• Disk capacities specified by amount of bytes.

• Potentially disruptive hardware developments for

• GE’s Industrial Internet

• Tremendous potential to revolutionize our daily

• Augmented reality (AR) is the altering of reality

Figure 4-7 Levels of Digital Reality

• Make things easier, cheaper,

• Auto sales - Fewer cars on road may mean fewer

• Plastics, metals, ceramics, foods,

Operating System Application Programs

Programs that control the client Applications that are processed on

Programs that control the server Applications that are processed on

Figure 4-11 Categories of Computer Software

Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems

Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems

Figure 4-13 Example of the Modern-Style Interface

Figure 4-15 Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

Figure 4-16 Virtual Machine Example

Figure 4-17 Software Sources and Types

• Special software installed on read-only memory

• Transparent and Flexible TVs

• LibreOffice (default office suite in Linux distributions)

• Exercise creativity on interesting & fulfilling

Figure 4-18 Source Code Sample

• Depends on requirements and constraints.

Native Applications Web Applications

Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications

Native Applications Web Applications

Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications

• Run on any operating system and device.

• Web development languages: html5, css3,

Figure 4-20 GethuGames’ SpiroCanvas

Figure 4-21 Sophisticated html5 Application

• How do you monetize “free” apps?

Super-Bright Brightest Brightest LED High-Powered Tiny Flashlight +

Figure 4-22 Elements of a Mobile Information System

Hardware Software Data Procedures People

Figure 4-23 Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity

Figure 4-25 Six Common BYOD Policies

BYOD Policy Description Advantage to Organization

Employees are not to use mobile devices

Figure 4-26 Advantages of Example BYOD Policies

• Always on, always connected, always communicating,

Figure 4-27 Smart Home

• Apple reported that dozens of apps available on

• Apple notified users that the dangerous apps had

Alfredo Zorrilla at Microsoft Corp.

• Created mobile markets with iPod, iPhone, iPad.

Figure 4-28 Growth in Apple Stock Price

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