Introduction To jBASE

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Agenda

• What is jBASE
• The T24 architecture – An overview
• Logging on to jBASE
• jBASE directory structure
• jBASE daemons
• jBASE environmental varaibles
• jBASE.profile file
• Creation and maintenance of files in jBASE

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jBASE

• Post Relational Database Management System

• Extension of the operating system
• T24 uses jBASE to store data
• Open database – Can communicate to other
databases
• Uses the ‘C’ compiler to compile code

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T24 Architecture – An Overview

User

T24 (Application)

jBASE (Database)

Unix
(Operating
System)

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Logging Onto jBASE

• Log on to Unix

• User name and password are verified

• .profile file is executed from the home directory of the
user
• .profile has the jBASE environment set
jshell prompt

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jBASE Directory Structure

/jbase<release number>

bin config jspooler lib tmp dev

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Workshop

Change to directory where jBASE has been installed

and list the contents of the directories that you have
just learnt

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jBASE Daemons

• Background processess
• Control the working of jBASE
• To start jBASE – start daemons
• To shutdown jBASE – Stop daemons
– jPML
– jRLA
– jBTP

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jPML

• jBASE Process Management And Licensing Daemon

Reads
jPML –ib /<jbasedir>/config/Config_jPML
Server 101
Client 1
RAM
101 102
Client 2
102
102 Client 3
103
104
105
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jRLA

• jBASE Record Locking Arbiter

• Incharge of locking in jBASE

User1 – Closes
Open 100069
the in User2 – Open 100069 in Record
Locked
FBNK.CUSTOMER
record FBNK.CUSTOMER

Shared
SharedMemory
Memory
jRLA
FBNK.CUSTOMER – Record
No
100069 – USER 1 Found
lock

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jRLA (Cont.)

• Start when no users are logged in

• Stop when no users are logged in
• If not started, Unix locking (file locking) will take effect

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jBTP

• jBASE Background Task Processor

– Takes care of execution of all background processes in
jBASE

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Starting And Stopping Daemons

• Start Daemons
jRLA –ib
jPML –ib
jBTP –ib
• Stop daemons

jBTP –k
jPML –k
jRLA –k
• Need to be root/root equivalent to start/stop daemons

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• JBCRELEASEDIR
– Holds the directory where jBASE has been installed.

JBCRELEASEDIR = /usr/jbc

– Link is usually created to point to the directory where jBASE

has been installed to facilitate configuration of profiles and
upgrading jBASE

ln –s /jbase4044 /usr/jbc

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• JBCGLOBALDIR
– Contains the path to the config directory of jBASE

JBCGLOBALDIR = /usr/jbc

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• PATH
– Unix variables
– Holds the path of the executable files of Unix and jBASE

PATH = $PATH:/usr/jbc/bin

– Always APPEND values to the PATH variable

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• LIBPATH
– Holds the path of the jBASE library files
– Operating system specific

LIBPATH = /usr/jbc/lib (AIX)

SHLIB_PATH = /usr/jbc/lib (HP)
LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /usr/jbc/lib (Others)

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• JBCSPOOLERDIR
– Holds the path to the spooler directory of jBASE

JBCSPOOLERDIR = /usr/jspooler
(or)
JBCSPOOLERDIR = /usr/jbc/jspooler

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• JBCBASETMP
– Holds the path of the ‘tmp’ directory of jBASE

JBCBASETMP = /usr/tmp
(or)
JBCBASETMP = /usr/jbc/tmp

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Workshop

Display the contents of the jBASE variables that you

have just learnt

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• JEDIFILENAME_MD
– Holds the path of the VOC file
JEDIFILENAME_MD = $HOME/VOC
($HOME – Home directory of the T24 user)

• VOC – Vocabulary
– Know as Master Dictionary
– Contains various types of entries
• jsh…>LIST VOC
• jsh…>LIST VOC WITH TYPE = ‘F’

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• PA – Paragraph
– A paragraph is a series of sentences stored
together under 1 name

JED VOC TR01

PA Paragraph Entry
EX Sentence 1
DATA TRAINEE01 Sentence 2
DATA 123456 Sentence 3

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• F – File Pointers

JED VOC FBNK.CUSTOMER

F
../mbdemo.data/st/FBNK.CUST000
../mbdemo.dict/F.CUSTOMER]D

Will learn more about data and dict files as we go

through.

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Workshop

• List the VOC entries with the type ‘F’

• Create a VOC entry that will enable you to logon to
T24 from the ‘jsh’ prompt.

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jBASE Environmental Variables

• JBCLISTFILE
– Contains the path of the &SAVEDLISTS& directory that is
used to store select lists

JBCLISTFILE = $HOME/&SAVEDLISTS&

jsh..>SELECT FBNK.CUSTOMER
100 records selected
>SAVE.LIST TRG.FILE1
jsh..>LIST FBNK.CUSTOMER

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Workshop

• Create a directory named ‘XXX.SAVE.LIST’ under

the ‘run’ directory.
• Select all the records from the ACCOUNT file and
save them to a list with the name ‘XXX.TRG.LIST’.
This list file should be stored in ‘XXX.SAVE.LIST’
directory

‘XXX’ – Your initial

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jBASE File Types

• Every file in jBASE has 2 portions

1 xxx yyy S.NO -- properties

2 xxx yyy NAME -- properties
3 xxx yyy ADDRESS-- properties

Data Portion Dict Portion

• Data File : Contains the records

• Dict File : Contains the field names and the field
definitions

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jBASE File Types

• jBASE supports 2 different types of files

• Non-hashed file
• Hashed file

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jBASE File Types

• Non-Hashed Files
– Sequential files
– Unix level directories
– Used to store programs
– Type = UD

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jBASE File Types

• Hashed Files
– Store and retrieve data randomly
– Improve performance
– Used for data and dict files
– Type = J3 or J4
– Have modulo and separation and secondary buffer
• Modulo – Number of frames
• Separation – Size of a frame
• Secondary Buffer – Size of the secondary buffer size.
• Default size of secondary buffer : Size of 1 modulo * 2

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Hashed Files

• Hashed File – Type J3

• Modulo 4 and Seperation 4
• Default size of 1 modulo(frame) is 1024 bytes

4*1024 4*1024 4*1024 4*1024 4*1024 4*1024 4*1024 4*1024

4096 4096 4096 4096 4096 4096 4096 4096
Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes
Modulo 2 Modulo 3 Modulo 4 Modulo 1 Modulo 2 Modulo 3 Modulo 4
Modulo 1

Data File Dict File

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Hashed Files

• Hashed File – Type J4

• Modulo 4 and Seperation 4
• Default size of 1 modulo(frame) is 4096 Bytes

4*4096 4*4096 4*4096 4*4096 4*4096 4*4096 4*4096 4*4096

16384 16384 16384 16384 16384 16384 16384 16384
Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes
Modulo 2 Modulo 3 Modulo 4 Modulo 1 Modulo 2 Modulo 3 Modulo 4
Modulo 1

Data File Dict File

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Hashed Files

Create a hashed file TEMENOS of type J4 with the

following values
 
Dict Modulo : 3
Dict Separation : 2
Dict Secondary Buffer Size : Default
Data Modulo : 4
Data Separation : 3
Data Secondary Buffer Size : 3

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Hashed Files

CREATE.FILE TEMENOS TYPE=J4 3,2 4,3,3

File TEMENOS]D created , type = J4

File TEMENOS created , type = J4

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Hashed Files

Solution 1 (Cont.)

2*4096 2*4096 2*4096 3*4096 3*4096 3*4096 3*4096

8192 8192 8192 12288 12288 12288 12288
Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes
Modulo 1 Modulo 2 Modulo 3 Modulo 1 Modulo 2 Modulo 3 Modulo 4

8192 8192 8192

*2 *2 *2

12288 12288 12288 12288

*3 *3 *3 *3 Secondary
Buffer Size

The secondary buffer size is not allocated when the file is

created – Only when there is data overflow
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Non Hashed Files

Create a non-hashed file TEMENOS1

CREATE.FILE TEMENOS1 TYPE=UD

CREATE.FILE TEMENOS1 TYPE=UD

File TEMENOS1]D created , type = UD
File TEMENOS1 created , type = UD

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Workshop

• Create a hashed file with the name

‘XXX.HASHED.FILE’ with the modulo and seperation
of your choice under the ‘run’ directory

• Create a non hashed file with the name

‘XXX.NONHASHED.FILE’ under the ‘run’ directory.

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File Maintenance In jBASE

A badly sized file will result in low performance of the

system. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to resize
files periodically

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File Maintenance In jBASE

jstat

• jstat is the command in jBASE that is used to

determine the statistics of a hashed file.

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 File Maintenance In jBASE

jstat FBNK.ACCOUNT
 
Output
 
File ../mbdemo.data/ac/FBNK.ACCOUNT
Type=J4 , Hash method = 4
Groups = 9,Frame size = 4096 bytes ,Secondary Record Size = 8192
bytes
Record Count = 2001 , Record Bytes = 775029
Bytes/Record = 387 , Bytes/Group = 86114
Primary file space: Total Frames = 196 , Total Bytes = 775029
Secondary file space: Total Frames = 0 , Total Bytes = 0

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File Maintenance In jBASE

• Options with jstat

– f - free space display

– r - record display
– s - short summary display
– v - verbose
– w - do not wait on locked records

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 File Maintenance In jBASE

jstat –r FBNK.ACCOUNT

Output
File ../mbdemo.data/ac/FBNK.ACCOUNT
Type=J4 , Hash method = 4
Groups = 9 , Frame size = 4096 bytes , Secondary Record Size = 8192 bytes
 Frame Allocated Used
-------- -------- --------
0 86016 83526
*******************************************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************************************
**********
1 94208 90011
*******************************************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************************************
**************************
2 …………….
3 …………..

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 File Maintenance In jBASE

Output of jstat –r cont.

8 86016 82860
**********************************************************************
**********************************************************************
*********************************************************************
****

Record Count = 2001 , Record Bytes = 775029

Bytes/Record = 387 , Bytes/Group = 86114
Primary file space: Total Frames = 196 , Total Bytes = 775029
Secondary file space: Total Frames = 0 , Total Bytes= 0

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File Maintenance In jBASE

• Resize the file FBNK.ACCOUNT

• New Modulo = Total Number Of Bytes/Size Of 1

Frame

• jrf is the command to resize files

• jrf –S195 ../mbdemo.data/ac/FBNK.ACCOUNT

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File Maintenance In jBASE

• Options with jrf

– H# - Changes hash type to # (1-4)

– D - Allows downsize
– E - Resize empty files
– I - Ignore empty files
– R - Suggest modulo
– V, -V1 - Verbose and very verbose mode
– S# - Resize to modulo #

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Workshop

• Obtain the statistics and resize the following files

– FBNK.STMT.ENTRY
– FBNK.CATEG.ENTRY
– F.DE.O.HEADER
– F.DE.ADDRESS
– FBNK.RE.CONSOL.SPEC.ENTRY
– FBNK.ACCOUNT

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Summary

• jBASE is a multivalue database

• Has a similar directory structure to that of Unix
• The bin directory contains all the jBASE executables
• The lib directory contains all the jBASE library files
• The config directory contains the configuration files of
jBASE
• The tmp directory contains the temporary data that
the database wishes to store
• The jspooler directory contains the jBASE spool files

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Summary (Cont.)

• JBCRELEASEDIR contains the path where jBASE

has been installed
• JBCGLOBALDIR contains the path of the jBASE
config directory
• PATH contains the path of the jBASE executables
($JBCRELEASEDIR/bin)
• LIBPATH for AIX SHLIB_PATH for HP and
LD_LIBRARAY_PATH are the variables that will hold
the path of the jBASE library
files($JBCRELEASEDIR/lib)

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Summary (Cont.)

• JBCSPOOLERDIR contains the path of the jBASE

spooler files
• JBCBASETMP contains the path of the jBASE tmp
directory
• J4 files are hashed files and the default size of 1
modulo is 4096 bytes
• J3 file are hashed files and the default size of 1
modulo is 1024 bytes
• UD files are non hashed files
• jstat is the command that is used to determine the
statistics of a hashed file in jBASE
• jrf is the command that is used to resize hashed files
in jBASE

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