SOCIAL WELFARE

POLICIES PROGRAMS
AND SERVICES
I. Introduction to Social Welfare Principles and Concepts
Global Definition of the Social Work Profession
• Social
work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline
that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and
the empowerment and liberation of people.
• In
co-operation with the International Association of Schools of Social
Work (IASSW), the global Definition of Social Work was adopted in
2001.
Legal definition of social work in Philippines?
• (a)"Social Work" is the profession which is primarily concerned with
organized social service activity aimed to facilitate and strengthen
basic social relationships and the mutual adjustment between
individuals and their social environment for the good of the individual
and of society.
 SOCIAL WELFARE
“An organized concern of all people for all people”
(GERTRUDE WILSON)

“The organized system of social services and

institutions, designed to aid individuals and groups
to attain satisfying standards of life and health “
(WALTER FRIEDLANDER)
“Includes those laws, programs, benefits and
services which assure or strengthen provisions for
meeting social needs recognized as basic to the
well-being of the population and the better
functioning of the social being of the population
and the better functioning of the social order”
(ELIZABETH WICKENDEN)
Types of Laws
• Criminal law
• Corporate law
• International law
• Commercial law
• Family law
• Constitutional law
• Labor law
• Intellectual property law
Programs and Services
1. Poverty reduction
2. Health
3. Housing
4. Education
5. Cultural
6. Social welfare
7. Economic
All the organized social arrangements which have
as their direct and primary objective the well being
of people in a social context. It includes the broad
range of policies and services which are concerned
with various aspects of people’s lives- their income,
health, housing, education, recreation, cultural
traditions, etc.”
-(Pre-Conference Working Committee for the XVth International Conference on Social
Welfare)
Implication of social work to social welfare
• The social mandate of the social work profession is to ensure the
wellbeing of people by affecting social policies, forging partnerships
with communities and service users, and responding directly to the
psychosocial needs of individuals and families.

Stakeholders/Sectors involved in social welfare

• public
• private
• voluntary
• mutual aid and
• informal
What are needs?
• Needs are necessary for survival

Why are these problematic/controversial?

1. These have implications in social work practice.
2. These require greater involvement of social workers in advocacy or
social action.
3. These widen the scope of social work practice.
4. These determine the depth of social work skills in policy
formulation and analysis.
5. These challenge the social work competencies.
EQUALITY VS.
• Ensuresthat every individual has an equal opportunity to make the
most of their lives and talents. It is also the belief that no one should
have poorer life chances because of the way they were born, where
they come from, what they believe, or whether they have a disability
• people are offered the same opportunities and privileges, regardless
of characteristics like age, race, sex, sexual orientation, disability, or
their beliefs.
EQUITY
The quality of being fair and impartial. Social equity is impartiality,
fairness and justice for all people in social policy. Social equity takes
into account systemic inequalities to ensure everyone in a community
has access to the same opportunities and outcomes.
 EQUALITY VS. EQUITY
• Equality generally refers to equal • Equity goes a step further and refers offering
opportunity and the same levels of support varying levels of support depending upon need
for all segments of society. ​ to achieve greater fairness of outcomes.​
Example of workplace equality: ​ Example of workplace equity: ​
• • Difference in salary, benefits, and rewards to
Same salary, benefits, and rewards to all the
employees regardless of the difference in the employees as per their work performance,
their work performance. ​ expertise, and specialty.​

Example of equality:​ Example of equity: ​

• Providing services among all sorts of clients
• Providing equal services regardless of the
client’s age, sexuality, social status, and depending on their needs and dilemmas.​
religion.
Although both promote fairness, equality achieves this through treating everyone the same regardless of need, while
equity achieves this through treating people differently dependent on need.​
 NEEDS-BASED TO HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH​
• Needs-based view policy making as • Rights-based view policy making not just for
the satisfaction of needs but the realization of rights.​
means for the satisfaction of needs.
• ​Works toward outcome and process goals​
This involves a
comprehensive evaluation of the • Emphasizes realizing rights​
holistic needs of every individual. ​ • Recognizes that rights always imply obligations of
the State​
• Works toward outcome goals​
• Recognizes that rights can only be realized
• Emphasizes meeting needs​ with empowerment​
• This means that all forms of discrimination in the
• Recognizes needs as valid claims​ realization of rights must be prohibited,
• Meets prevented, and eliminated. ​
needs without empowerment​
• It requires the prioritization of those in the most
marginalized situations who face the biggest
obstacles in realizing and practicing their rights.​
Other Relevant Concepts
Social policy refers to all policies that ensure the welfare of the state and individuals and the
dynamic practices that constantly change. The main goal of social policies is to ensure that
everyone in society lives in peace and harmony away from conflicts. It’s main purpose is to
eliminate potential inequalities in access to services and assistance among social groups
characterized by socioeconomic position, race, ethnicity, migratory status, gender, sexual
orientation, disability, and age, as well as across nations.

Program is a set of actions created in response to a need, problem, or concern in the community.
A service, on the other hand, is a collection of activities that benefit the end user but are not
structured in such a manner that change, if it occurs, can be assessed.

Social Welfare and Development Agency (SWDA) refers to a person, corporation, or

organization, engaged in providing directly or indirectly social welfare services and obtains its
finances either totally or in part, from any agency or instrumentality of the government and/or
from the community by direct or indirect solicitations and/or fund drives and/or endowment .
II. Different Social Welfare Perspectives:
III.Overview of Generic Policy Formulation Process
Models of Policy making
1. The Residual Welfare Model of Social Policy: based on the premise that individual’s
needs can only be fulfilled via two channels; the private market and the family. It is
only when both these systems break down, should social welfare be made
available, that too temporarily.
2. Performance Model of Social Policy: places social welfare in a significant position,
whereby it acts as supplements to the economy. The basis of it remains that social
needs must be met based on merit, work performance and productivity. Its
theoretical base lies in theories that looked at incentives, effort and reward along
with the formation of class loyalties. It is also known as the ‘Handmaiden Model’.
3. The Institutional Redistributive Model of Social Policy: ​views social welfare as an
important institution that is part of the society, providing Universalist services
outside of the market on the principle of need. It is partly based on the principle of
social equality and is meant to incorporate systems of redistribution in command
over resources through time.
III.Overview of Generic Policy Formulation Process
Converting Policies into Programs & Services
​ 1. A bill is introduced in Congress (legislative branch). Evidence is
presented to promote or oppose the bill. It is debated and voted upon.​
2. If the bill is passed into law, regulatory agencies (executive branch)
begin drafting rules and regulations to enforce the law.​
3. If a law or regulation is challenged on legal grounds, the Supreme
Court (judicial branch) intervenes to interpret the law or overrule it.
This process is also influenced by non-governmental organizations, or
NGOs, which include non-profits. These groups produce research that
is then used to promote particular social welfare policy initiatives.
Individual members of these groups may be called to testify before
Congress on specific social welfare policy matters.
Policy Context
Political- parties run the government which all adhere to certain
policies. A policy can also be said to be a course or action that is
proposed by a government, an individual, business firm, or any party.​
Socio- economical- The aim is to increase the incomes of the
population, in particular the poorer middle class in the society of a
given country.
Cultural- influence economic behavior, political participation, social
solidarity and value formation and evolution, which are closely linked
to how and why public policies are developed in different ways in
different countries
Natural environmental - emphasizes on conservation, prevention of
degradation and equity of natural resources.
Policy Advocacy
• The active, covert, or inadvertent support of a particular policy or
class of policies. Advocacy can include a variety of activities
including, lobbying, litigation, public education, and forming
relationships with parties of interest
• Relieson experts in a specific issue, making them most qualified to
take a stand on a particular perspective.
• Creates a dialogue between stakeholders and government decision-
makers by creating proposals and recommendations to an existing
policy that they have an interest in.
• Itis taking a position on an issue and sharing that position with
someone who can do something about it to bring about systematic
lasting policy change
IV. Levels of Policy Making
1. Global- is structured by the principles and practices of international law and
primarily takes place through intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) established
to facilitate relations among states and collective public decision-making
(ASEAN, UN)
2. National
3. Local government not only has to develop and
implement local policies and strategies, but is also obliged to
implement the policies adopted by other spheres of
government. Local governments initiate and have control over
the policy conception and implementation phases in their
municipalities.

​Hierarchy of Laws
 Constitution
 Republic Acts
 Bills (S/H)
 V. Social Welfare Laws and Policies for different Poor,
Marginalized and Vulnerable Sectors
1. Women
RA 6949: Declaring March 8 as National Women's Day.
RA 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995.
RA 8353/11648: Anti-Rape Law of 1997.
RA 9208/10364: Anti-Trafficking in Person Act of 2003.
RA 9262: Anti-Violence against Women & Their Children Act of 2004.
2. Children
PD 603: Child and Youth Welfare Code
RA 7610: Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination
RA 9344/10630: Juvenile Justice Welfare Act
RA 9344/10630: Juvenile Justice Welfare Act
RA 8552/11642: Domestic Adoption Law
3. Persons with Disability
RA 7277/9442: Magna Carta of Disabled Person
4. Senior Citizens
RA 7432: Maximize the Contribution of Senior Citizens to Nation-Building, Grant Benefits
and Special Privileges and for Other Purposes
RA 9994: Expanded SC Law
RA 10645: Mandatory Philhealth Coverage for All Senior Citizens
Republic Act 10868: Centenarian Law
5. Family
RA 8972: Solo Parent Law
VI. International Legal Instruments
Conventions and Treaties
ASEAN policies/direction
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam
1. Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and
national identity of all nations
2. The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference,
subversion, or coercion
3. Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another
4. Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner
5.Renunciation of the threat or use of force
6. Effective cooperation among themselves
VII. Relevant Portions of the Philippine Development Plan of Current Administration as it
applies to Social Welfare and Development
 VIII. Selected Tools for Policy Analysis: Framework, Concepts,
Operation and Application
1. Stakeholder analysis is a process of identifying these people before the project begins;
grouping them according to their levels of participation, interest, and influence in the
project; and determining how best to involve and communicate each of these stakeholder
groups throughout. The position that you allocate to a stakeholder on the grid
shows you the actions you need to take with them:

•High power, highly interested people (Manage Closely):

you must fully engage these people, and make the greatest
efforts to satisfy them.
•High power, less interested people (Keep Satisfied): put
enough work in with these people to keep them satisfied, but
not so much that they become bored with your message.
•Low power, highly interested people (Keep Informed):
adequately inform these people, and talk to them to ensure that
no major issues are arising. People in this category can often be
very helpful with the detail of your project.
•Low power, less interested people (Monitor): again, monitor
these people, but don’t bore them with excessive
communication.
Concepts
Operation and Application
2. SWOT analysis is a technique used to identify strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats for your business or even a specific project. It’s most
widely used by organizations—from small businesses and non-profits to large
enterprises—but a SWOT analysis can be used for personal purposes as well.
SWOT analysis is usually performed at the starting stages of any project, activity or task and
is a component of the planning and decision-making process. 

The main aim of conducting SWOT analysis – Meticulously listing down the Strengths
(qualities), Weaknesses (negatives), Opportunities (elements in your favor), Threats (risks)
around your project/goal/situation and then analyzing each of these factors to see their impact on
your project or activity.

Strengths and Weaknesses are largely governed ‘internal factors’ i.e. factors that are under
the control of an organization or individual. Examples are – Company policies, staff, efficiency
and dedication.

Whereas, Opportunities and Threats are controlled by ‘external factors’ i.e. factors that are
outside the control of an organization or individual. Examples include – Competitors, new
technologies and political/financial environment.

SWOT analysis, more than anything else, provides a structured approach towards attaining
an objective (be it business, professional or personal) and ensures that you have considered
as well as evaluated all the aspects that works ‘for’ your objective and ‘against’.
3. Force Field analysis a basic tool for root cause analysis that can help
you take action once the root cause has been identified. The technique is
based on the assumption that any situation is the result of forces for and
against the current state being in equilibrium.
Three stage theory of change as you work towards unfreezing the
existing equilibrium, moving towards the desired change, and then
freezing the change at the new level so that a new equilibrum exists
that resists further change.
Use to distinguish which factors within a situation or
organisation drive a person towards or away from a
desired state, and which oppose the driving forces. These
can be analysed in order to inform decisions that will make
change more acceptable.
4. GENDER ANALYSIS is a tool to better understand the different
social, economic, cultural and political realities of women and men,
girls and boys.
At its core is understanding culture (underlying values, norms and
beliefs), expressed in the construction of gender identities and
inequalities. (Word Fish)
Gender analysis provides information that recognizes that gender,
and its relationship with race, ethnicity, culture, class, age,
disability, and/or other status, is important in understanding the
different patterns of involvement, behaviour and activities that
women and men have in economic, social and legal
 NEW APPROVED LAWS
• RA11642- AN ACT STRENGTHENING ALTERNATIVE CHILD CARE BY
PROVIDING FOR AN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS OF DOMESTIC
ADOPTION, REORGANIZING FOR THE PURPOSE THE INTER-COUNTRY
ADOPTION BOARD (ICAB) INTO THE NATIONAL AUTHORITY FOR CHILD
CARE (NACC), AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8043,
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11222, AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10165, REPEALING
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8552, AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9523, AND
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR (January 28, 2022)

• RA11641-
AN ACT CREATING THE DEPARTMENT OF MIGRANT WORKERS,
DEFINING ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, RATIONALIZING THE
ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES RELATED
TO OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR MIGRATION, APPROPRIATING
FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES (December 30, 2021)
THANK YOU!