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Pert

Earliest EXPECTED TIME is the time when an event can be expected to occur. Latest allowable occurrence time is the latest time by which an event must occur, to keep the project on schedule. Slack is the difference between the latest allowable time and the earliest expectable time.

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56 views11 pages

Pert

Earliest EXPECTED TIME is the time when an event can be expected to occur. Latest allowable occurrence time is the latest time by which an event must occur, to keep the project on schedule. Slack is the difference between the latest allowable time and the earliest expectable time.

Uploaded by

Kishore Kishore Kishore
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERT

TIME ESTIMATES
Optimistic Time Estimates : Shortest possible time in which an activity can be completed. Pessimistic Time Estimates: It is the best guess of the maximum time that would be required to complete the activity. Most Likely Time Estimates: The time activity would most often require if normal conditions prevail. This time estimate lies between the optimistic and pessimistic time estimates.

EARLIEST EXPECTED TIME (TE)


The earliest expected time is the time when an event can be expected to occur. The earliest expected time is computed by adding the expected times (Te) of all the activities along an activities path leading to that event. If more than one activity paths lead to that event, then the maximum of the sum of Tes along the various paths will give the earliest expected time.

LATEST ALLOWABLE OCCURRENCE TIME TL


A planner is concerned with the completion of the project within the scheduled time. For each event, therefore, some time limit is allotted by which that event must occur. The latest time by which an event must occur, to keep the project on schedule is called the latest allowable occurrence time. It is denoted by symbol TL. This is therefore, another event time. Whenever a project is taken in hand, decision is made regarding the completion time of the project and the accepted figure is called the scheduled completion time (or the contractual obligation time) and is denoted by symbol Ts. Naturally, Ts refers to the latest time of the last event (i.e., Ts=TL)

To compute the latest allowable occurrence time for various events. Start with the scheduled completion time Ts for the project. Then TL = Ts = Project completion time. For the activity before the last activity, reduce Te from Ts which is TL of the that activities. If they are more than one activities, take the minimum value as TL

SLACK

Slack may be simply defined as the difference between the latest allowable time and the earliest expected time of an event. We find that slack gives the idea of time to spare. Slack means more time to work, less to worry about. It reveals about those areas which have an excess or resources from which trade-offs can be rearranged. It also spots those areas which are potential trouble areas i.e., those areas of zero or minimum slack. Slack can be positive, zero or negative, depending upon the relationship between TL and TE S= TL-Te .Page 134

Positive slack : Positive slack is obtained when TL is more than TE for an event. It is an indication of an ahead of schedule condition (excess resources). Zero Slack : Zero slack is obtained when TL is equal to TE for an event. It is an indication of a on schedule(adequate resources) Negative Slack: Negative slack is obtained when the scheduled time of completion TS (and hence TL) is less than the TE. It is an indication of a behind of schedule condition (lack of resources).

CRITICAL PATH

It is important to note that the value of slack, associated with an event, determine how critical that event is. The less the slack (more negative), the more critical an event is. A critical path is the one which connects the events having a zero or minimum slack times. All the events along the critical path are considered to be critical in the sense that any delay in their occurrence will result in the delay in the scheduled completion of the project. Eventually, a critical path is the longest path (time wise) connecting the initial and end event.

EXAMPLE.
Draw a network diagram for the project having 9 activities, with the following inter-relationships: 1. C follows D but precedes F 2. C follows B but precedes H 3. G follows F but precedes I. 4. E follows A but precedes I. 5. D follows A. 6. H and I terminate at the same time. 7. A and B start at the same time.

Event

Immediate predecessor

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 2 2 3,5 3,4 3,7 7 3,6,8,9

A project has fourteen activities A through M. The relationships which obtain amongst these activities are given below. 1.A is the first operation 2.B and C can be performed in parallel and are immediate successor to A. 3. D, E and F follows B. 4. G follows E. 5. H follows D, but it cannot start untill E is complete. 6.I and J succeed G. 7.F and J precede K. 8. H and I precede L. 9. M succeeds L and K. 10. The last operation N succeeds M and C.

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