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Grade 9 - Science (CLIMATE)

Climate is defined as the general pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time, while weather is the atmospheric conditions at a specific place and time. Several factors affect both weather and climate, including temperature, wind, humidity, precipitation, latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water, topography, and ocean currents. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global climate change by increasing average global temperatures. Effects of climate change include rising temperatures, changes to weather patterns like more extreme storms and droughts, sea level rise, warmer oceans, and impacts to natural systems.

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250 views62 pages

Grade 9 - Science (CLIMATE)

Climate is defined as the general pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time, while weather is the atmospheric conditions at a specific place and time. Several factors affect both weather and climate, including temperature, wind, humidity, precipitation, latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water, topography, and ocean currents. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global climate change by increasing average global temperatures. Effects of climate change include rising temperatures, changes to weather patterns like more extreme storms and droughts, sea level rise, warmer oceans, and impacts to natural systems.

Uploaded by

Mae Calara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLIMATE

Changes in the atmospheric condition


over a brief period of time such as a
day or a week are weather.

These changes are part of a larger


pattern of atmospheric conditions
called climate.
Climate is the general pattern of
weather in a certain
area over a long period of time.

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere


at a specific place and time.
Climate is the general pattern of the weather
that occurs for a region over a number of years.
Climate determines what type of houses people
build in a particular region, the plants and
animals that inhabit in a location, and even the
livelihood of the people and community.
Factors Affecting the
WEATHER
Different Factors that Affect weather

1.TEMPERATURE
It is the degrees of hotness and coldness of a place.
Different Factors that Affect weather

2. WIND
It is the movement of the air in the atmosphere.
Different Factors that Affect weather

3. HUMIDITY
It is the amount of water vapour in the air.
Different Factors that Affect weather

4. PRECIPITATION
It is the water falling from the atmosphere in the forms of
rain, snow and hail.
Different Factors that Affect
Climate
Different Factors that Affect Climate

1.LATITUDE
Latitude is the main factor affecting global climate.
The farther we go from the equator; the temperature
drops and the cooler it gets. This is because we know
that earth is curved which means that the sun’s
energy is more concentrated at the equator. This
means earth gets hotter at equator and places near
equator.
Different Factors that Affect Climate

1.LATITUDE
Latitude is the measurement of distance north and south of the
equator.

These are imaginary lines that form circles around the Earth’s
east-west regions parallel to the equator.
When the place is closer to
the equator, the air
temperature is higher. So if
you live close to the equator,
the climate will be warmer,
while moving north or south
from the equator brings a
cooler climate.
Different Factors that Affect Climate

2. ALTITUDE
The altitude of a place will affect the air
temperature. Altitude refers to the elevation
of a place above sea level. It is the height
above sea level. Climate conditions become
colder as altitude increases
because the air temperature decreases as the
altitude increases.
5 895 meters above sea level
Different Factors that Affect Climate

3. BODIES OF WATER

Bodies of water also affect the climate of the nearby


landmass. Large bodies of water such as oceans, seas,
and large lakes affect the climate of an area. The water
heats and cools more slowly than land. Therefore, in the
summer, the coastal regions will stay cooler and in
winter warmer.
Different Factors that Affect Climate

4. TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of earth's surface is one of the


factors that affects weather system and climate.
The difference in elevation and mountain ranges
determine the distribution of precipitation on
earth. The bodies of water shape the climates
and create the high- and low-pressure systems
that cause weather events
Different Factors that Affect Climate

5. OCEAN CURRENTS
Climate
change
What is Climate Change?

It is a natural phenomena and has been


occurring since the Earth came into being.

It is a change in the average weather of a


given area or region.
What is Climate Change?
Climate change is one of the most current
worldwide issues. The increase in temperature
that we are experiencing right now is caused by
factors other than human activity. Another
point of view is that the increase of Earth’s
temperature is brought about by human
intervention. Whether the cause is man-made or
not, climate change is a change in the
environment.
What is Climate Change?

 It is the global phenomenon of climate


transformation characterized by the changes in
the usual climate of the planet (regarding
temperature, precipitation, and wind) that are
especially caused by human activities.
What is Climate Change?
It is “a broad range of global phenomena
created predominantly by burning fossil fuels,
which add heat-trapping gases to Earth’s
atmosphere. These phenomena encompass changes
such as sea-level rise; ice mass loss in
Greenland, Antarctica, the Arctic, and mountain
glaciers worldwide; shifts in flower/plant
blooming; and extreme weather events.
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE!
It is an increase in the temperature of
Earth’s atmosphere.
Global warming refers to the rise in global
temperatures due mainly to the increasing
concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The Causes and Effects
of
Climate Change
GREENHOUSE GASES
Greenhouse gases are gases in the Earth’s
atmosphere that trap heat. They let sunlight pass
through the atmosphere, but they prevent the
heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the
atmosphere.
● Water vapor
● Carbon dioxide
● Methane
● Ozone
● Nitrous oxide
● Chlorofluorocarbons
Greenhouse gases are gases that can trap heat.
They get their name from greenhouses. Greenhouse
is full of windows that let in sunlight. That sunlight
creates warmth. The big trick of a greenhouse is that
it doesn’t let that warmth escape
That’s exactly how greenhouse gases act.
They let sunlight pass through the
atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that
the sunlight brings from leaving the
atmosphere.
Types of Greenhouse Gases

1. WATER VAPOR
This is water in gas form,
like steam above a boiling pot
of water, evaporating off a
lake. It forms clouds and
rains back on Earth.
Types of Greenhouse Gases

2. CARBON
DIOXIDE
Made up of Carbon and Oxygen, is
all around us naturally. It comes
from decaying and living organisms,
and form volcanoes. It also
released when burning fossil fuels
like coal and oil. It’s the most
important contributor to human
caused global warming.
Types of Greenhouse Gases

3. METHANE
Made up of Carbon and Hydrogen, is
a normal gas released from
wetlands, growing rice, raising
cattle, using natural gas, and
mining coal. This gas can
contribute to the rising
temperature of the Earth because it
traps a lot of heat.
Types of Greenhouse Gases

4. OZONE
Up in the atmosphere where the
planes fly, the ozone layer blocks
the sun’s radiation, which helps
protect us from powerful rays.
Close to the ground, ozone acts as
a greenhouse gas and can be formed
by burning gas in cars and
factories.
Types of Greenhouse Gases

5. NITROUS OXIDE
Nitrous oxide is released by
some types of factories, power
plants, and some fertilizer. It
damages the protective ozone
layer and is a powerful
greenhouse gas.
Types of Greenhouse Gases

6.
CHLOROFLUOROCARBON
Fluorinated gases are not created in
nature. They damage the protective
ozone layer and are powerful
greenhouse gases. The most common
source of CFCs are refrigerants, but
fire suppression systems for aircraft
and aerosols also emit CFCs into the
atmosphere.
Effects of Climate Change

1. Temperatures will continue to rise

The temperature rise has not been, and will not be,
uniform or smooth across the globe or over time.
Effects of Climate Change

2. Frost-free season (and Growing season) will lengthen

The length of the frost-free season (and the corresponding


growing season) has been increasing nationally since the 1980s,
with the largest increases occurring in the western United
States, affecting ecosystems and agriculture. Across the United
States, the growing season is projected to continue to lengthen
Effects of Climate Change

3. Extreme Weather
The Earth’s atmosphere heats up, it collects, retains, and drops
more water, changing weather patterns and making wet areas
wetter and dry areas drier. Higher temperatures worsen and
increase the frequency of many types of disasters, including
storms, floods, heat waves, and droughts.
Effects of Climate Change

4. Rising Seas
The Arctic is heating twice as fast as any other place on the
planet. As its ice sheets melt into the seas, our oceans are on
track to rise one to four feet higher by 2100, threatening coastal
ecosystems and low-lying areas. Island nations face particular
risk, as do some of the world’s largest cities, including New York,
Miami, Mumbai, and Sydney.
Effects of Climate Change

5. Warmer, more acidic oceans

Rising ocean temperatures are also altering the range and


population of underwater species and contributing to coral
bleaching events capable of killing entire reefs --- ecosystems
that support more than 25 percent of all marine life
Effects of Climate Change

6. El Niño and La Niña

El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of what is known as the


El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The ENSO
cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations in
temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-
central Equatorial Pacific (approximately between the
International Date Line and 120 degrees West).
Effects of Climate Change

6. El Niño and La Niña

La Niña is sometimes referred to as the cold phase of ENSO and El


Niño is the warm phase of ENSO. El Niño and La Niña episodes
typically last nine to 12 months, but some prolonged events may last
for years. While their frequency can be quite irregular, El Niño and
La Niña events occur on average every two to seven years. Typically,
El Niño occurs more frequently than La Niña.
El Niño

El Niño means The Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish. El


Niño was originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of
South America in the 1600s, with the appearance of unusually
warm water in the Pacific Ocean.
El Niño

The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere


climate interaction linked to periodic warming in sea surface
temperatures across the central
and east-central Equatorial Pacific. The presence of El Niño can
significantly influence weather patterns, ocean conditions, and
marine fisheries across large portions of the globe for an
extended period of time.
La Niña

La Niña means The Little Girl in Spanish. La Niña is also


sometimes called El Viejo, anti-El Niño, or simply "a cold
event." La Niña episodes represent periods of below-average
sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial
Pacific.

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