Trait Theory in Leadership

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Trait Theory

Trait theory
Trait theory assumes that leaders are born, not made. This study focuses on personal traits or characteristics that distinguish the leaders from the followers and a successful leader from an unsuccessful leader

Assumption of theory
People are born with inherited traits. Some traits are particularly suited to leadership. People who make good leaders have the right (or sufficient) combination of traits.

Trait Theories
Traits are distinctive characteristics that distinguish leaders from non-leaders.

Early trait theories identified:


Physical characteristics (height, appearance) Personality characteristics (extrovert) Skills and abilities (intelligence) Social factors (interpersonal skills)

Recent Results on Traits


After being rejected as a basis for identifying leaders, trait theories have had a revival.

Some studies have identified these traits:


Drive Motivation Integrity Self-confidence Intelligence Knowledge

An AT&T study found these characteristics in managers who advanced:


oral communication skills human relations skills need or motive for advancement resistance to stress tolerance of uncertainty energy creativity

Different categories of traits


Intelligence and scholarship Physical traits like age, weight, strength Personality characterized by self-confidence, honesty, integrity, creativity and imitation. Social status and experience

Main leadership traits


Adaptable to situations Alert to social environment Ambitious and achievement-orientated Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant (desire to influence others) Energetic (high activity level) Persistent Self-confident Tolerant of stress Willing to assume responsibility

primary traits by which leaders could succeed or 'derail


Emotional stability and composure: Calm, confident and predictable, particularly when under stress. Admitting error: Owning up to mistakes, rather than putting energy into covering up. Good interpersonal skills: Able to communicate and persuade others without resort to negative or coercive tactics. Intellectual breadth: Able to understand a wide range of areas, rather than having a narrow (and narrowminded) area of expertise

conclusion
a successful leader is one who can accurately assess the forces that determine what behaviours would be most appropriate in any given situation and is able to be flexible enough to adopt the most functional leadership

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