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Week 5 Probability of Simple Events 1

1) The document appears to be teaching materials on probability and statistics concepts. It includes examples calculating probabilities of simple and compound events using formulas and Venn diagrams. 2) The examples involve events like drawing playing cards, rolling dice, and students participating in extracurricular activities. 3) The document provides the solutions to sample problems asking the reader to calculate probabilities based on the information and diagrams provided.

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Minty Liu
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51 views32 pages

Week 5 Probability of Simple Events 1

1) The document appears to be teaching materials on probability and statistics concepts. It includes examples calculating probabilities of simple and compound events using formulas and Venn diagrams. 2) The examples involve events like drawing playing cards, rolling dice, and students participating in extracurricular activities. 3) The document provides the solutions to sample problems asking the reader to calculate probabilities based on the information and diagrams provided.

Uploaded by

Minty Liu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A B
243 762 291 158
49 267

11 944 338 77 739 186


Quarter 3 - Week 5-6

Learning Competencies
1. Illustrates events, and union and intersection of
events (M10SP-IIIf-1).
2. Illustrates the probability a union of two events
(M10SP-IIIg-1).
Probability
of
Simple Events
Terms related to Probability

Probability

 Is a branch of Mathematics that studies the


pattern of chances
 is the measure of how likely it is the some
event will occur, a number expressing the
ratio of favorable cases to the whole number
or cases possible
Experiment

activities such as rolling a die, tossing a coin, or


randomly drawing a card from a deck that may be
repeated, and have well-defined results

Outcomes
The results of an experiment
Sample Space

The set of all outcomes in an experiment

Event

is a subset of the sample space


Example 1: Consider the experiment of “rolling a die.”

 An example of outcome is 5 since it may come out


when a die is rolled.
 {1,2,3,4,5,6} is the sample space which is the totality
of all possible outcomes when a die is rolled.
 “Getting a number 5” and “getting a 1” are examples
of simple events.
Is an event
containing only
one outcome
Example 2: Find the probability of getting
a head when a coin is tossed.
Example 3:

A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52


playing cards. Find the probability of drawing

a. A diamond = c. A queen

b. A black card d. Red ace

Solution:
a. There are 13 diamond cards in the deck

P( drawing a diamond ) = =
Example 3:

A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52


playing cards. Find the probability of drawing

a. A diamond = c. A queen

b. A black card = d. Red ace

Solution:
b. Half of all the cards are black

P( drawing a black card ) = =


Example 3:

A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52


playing cards. Find the probability of drawing

a. A diamond = c. A queen =

b. A black card = d. Red ace

Solution:
b. There are four queens in the deck

P( drawing a queen ) = =
Example 3:

A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52


playing cards. Find the probability of drawing

a. A diamond = c. A queen =

b. A black card = d. Red ace =

Solution:
d. There are four aces in the deck. Two of the
aces are red.

P( drawing a red queen ) = =


Example 4: Backgammon is a game played with two
dice. If you roll doubles, you get to roll again. What is
the chance that you will roll doubles?
The table shows all the possible outcomes, the shaded rectangle are the doubles

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)

P( getting doubles) = =
Probability of
Union and Intersection of Events
Compound Event

A compound event consists of two or more


simple events. It is often useful to use a Venn
Diagram to visualize the probabilities of
compound events.
Union of Events

 The union of events A and B, denoted 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, is the


event that either A or B, or both occur when the
experiment is performed. It corresponds to the
combining descriptions of the two events using the
word “or.” The union corresponds to the shaded
region at the right.
Intersection of Events

 The intersection of events A and B, denoted by 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵,


is the event that both A and B occur when the
experiment is performed. It corresponds to the
combining descriptions of the two events using the
word “and.” The intersection corresponds to the
shaded lens-shaped region at the right.
Example 4:
The extracurricular activities participated by the Grade 10 students
from Maligaya National High School are shown in the Venn
diagram below. Suppose a student is randomly chosen to be
interviewed, what is the probability that the student participates in:
a. Athletics (A) or Drama (D) Club?
b. Drama (D) and Band (B) Club?
Looking at the Venn diagram, the following information
can be obtained:
a. Total students in Maligaya
National High School

b. Students joined Athletics or


Drama Club

c. Students joined Drama and band


Example 4:
The extracurricular activities participated by the Grade 10 students
from Maligaya National High School are shown in the Venn
diagram below. Suppose a student is randomly chosen to be
interviewed, what is the probability that the student participates in:
a. Athletics (A) or Drama (D) Club?

Solution
Recall that the students who joined Athletics (A) or Drama (D) Club
implies 𝐴 ∪ 𝐷 which is read as “A union D.”
Example 4:
The extracurricular activities participated by the Grade 10 students
from Maligaya National High School are shown in the Venn
diagram below. Suppose a student is randomly chosen to be
interviewed, what is the probability that the student participates in:
b. Drama (D) and Band (B) Club?

Solution
Remember that students who joined Drama (D) and Band (B) club implies
𝐷 ∩ 𝐵 which is read as “D intersection B.”
Example 6: The Venn diagram below shows the
probabilities of Grade 10 students joining either
basketball (B) or soccer (S). Find
a. 𝑷(𝑩)
b. 𝑷(𝑺)
c. 𝑷(𝑩 ∩ 𝑺)
d. 𝑷(𝑩 ∪ 𝑺)
e. 𝑷(𝑩 ′ )
f. 𝑷(𝑩 ′ ∩ 𝑺 ′ )
Example 6: The Venn diagram below shows the
probabilities of Grade 10 students joining either
basketball (B) or soccer (S). Find

a. 𝑷(𝑩)
Solution
Add the probabilities in
circle B.

𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7


Example 6: The Venn diagram below shows the
probabilities of Grade 10 students joining either
basketball (B) or soccer (S). Find

b. 𝑷(𝑺)
Solution
Add the probabilities in
circle 𝑺 .

𝑃(𝐵) = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5


Example 6: The Venn diagram below shows the
probabilities of Grade 10 students joining either
basketball (B) or soccer (S). Find

c. 𝑷(𝑩 ∩ 𝑺)
Solution
(𝐵 ∩ 𝑆) refers to the
overlapping region of circle
B and circle S

𝑷(𝑩 ∩ 𝑺) = 0.3
Example 6: The Venn diagram below shows the
probabilities of Grade 10 students joining either
basketball (B) or soccer (S). Find

d. 𝑷(𝑩 ∪ 𝑺)
Solution
(𝐵 ∪ 𝑆) refers to the totality of
the region of circle B or circle
S.

𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝑆) = 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.9


e. 𝑷(𝑩 ′ )
𝐵′ which read as “complement of B.” The complement of an
event is the set of all outcomes that are not in the given
event. So, if 𝑃(𝐵) is the probability of event B will happen,
then 𝑃(𝐵 ′ ) is the probability that event B will not happen.
It is also denoted by 𝑷(𝑩 ′) = 𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑩) or 𝑷(𝑩 ′) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎% −
𝑷(𝑩).

𝑃(𝐵 ′) = 1 − (0.4 + 0.3) = 1 − 0.7 = 0.3


Example 6: The Venn diagram below shows the
probabilities of Grade 10 students joining either
basketball (B) or soccer (S). Find

f. 𝑷(𝑩 ′ ∩ 𝑺 ′ )
Solution
(𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝑆 ′ ) refers to the region
outside circle B and outside
circle S

𝑃(𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝑆 ′) = 0.1
Show the SOLUTION of the following
activities:

 Activity 14 items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 on


page 29-30
 Activity 15 A and B on page 30
 Activity 19 items 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10 on
page 33

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