GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

RESEARCH AWASARI

FINAL YEAR PROJECT (STAGE-I) 416487

TITLE – COOLING OF EV BATTERIES
GUIDED BY
PROF. A.J. BHOSALE
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
 PRESENTATION BY

Sr.no Name of student Roll no.

1 Ajay Vilas Jadhav 20211082

2 Akshay Navnath Ghugarkar 20211083

3 Amit Bhaskar Palkar 20211095

4 Ankitkumar Moreshwar Landge 20211099

 CONTENTS

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVE
• METHODOLOGY
• PROPOSED SYSTEM LAYOUT
• ACTION PLAN
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• WITH HIGHER REQUIREMENTS FOR FUEL ECONOMY
AND EMISSION STANDARDS, AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES
ARE TRYING TO UPDATE AND IMPROVE TRADITIONAL
VEHICLES AND DEVELOPING NEW ENERGY-SAVING
VEHICLES.
Fig.: Production drawing of a universal coupling
 ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTION DRAWING:
FOLLOWING ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF A PRODUCTION DRAWING-

• FORMAT OF DRAWING SHEET,

• SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE COMPONENT,
• PROJECTION METHOD,
• MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AND SHAPE SUCH AS CASTINGS, FORGINGS, PLATES, ROUNDS,
ETC.,
• INDICATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND OTHER HEAT TREATMENTS, IF ANY,
• LIMITS, FITS AND TOLERANCES OF SIZE, FORM, AND POSITION,
• PRODUCTION METHOD,
• SPECIFICATIONS OF STANDARD COMPONENTS,
• CONVENTIONS USED TO REPRESENT CERTAIN MACHINE COMPONENTS.
 NEED OF STANDARDIZATION FOR
INTERPRETATION OF DRAWINGS:
• ENGINEERING DRAWINGS ARE MORE COMPLICATED AND REQUIRE A SET OF RULES,
TERMS, AND SYMBOLS THAT EVERYONE CAN UNDERSTAND AND USE.
• A DRAWING SHOWING A PART MAY BE DRAWN IN BERLIN, THE PART MADE IN CHENNAI,
AND THEN SENT TO PUNE FOR ASSEMBLY. IF THIS TO BE SUCCESSFULLY
ACCOMPLISHED, THE DRAWING MUST HAVE ONLY ONE INTERPRETATION.
• DIFFERENT STYLES OF LINES MUST BE ESTABLISHED TO REPRESENT VISIBLE OR
HIDDEN LINES, OR TO INDICATE THE CENTRE OF A FEATURE.
• IF ONLY INTERPRETATION OF A DRAWING IS TO BE MET, THEN THE RULES MUST BE
FOLLOWED CORRECTLY. FOR THIS REASON THE DRAFTER MUST SHOW A NUMBER OF
VIEWS OF OBJECT AS SEEN FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS.
• THESE VIEWS ARE REFERRED TO AS FRONT VIEW, TOP VIEW, RIGHT-SIDE VIEW, AND SO
FORTH, ARE SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED ON THE DRAWING SHEET AND PROJECTED
FROM ONE ANOTHER.
 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION METHOD:
• THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD ORTHOGRAPHIC IS ‘ORTHO’ WHICH IS OF LATIN
ORIGIN MEANING ‘PERPENDICULAR’. IN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION,
OBSERVER IS ASSUMED TO BE AT AN INFINITE DISTANCE, THE PROJECTION LINES
FROM THE EYE OF AN OBSERVER TO THE OBJECT BECOMES PARALLEL TO EACH
OTHER AND PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLANE OF PROJECTION.
• SINCE THE PROJECTORS ARE PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLANE OF PROJECTION,
THE VIEW IS CALLED ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW AND THE PROJECTION METHOD IS
CALLED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION.
• WHEN AN OBJECT IS OBSERVED FROM FRONT, THE ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW IS
CALLED FRONT VIEW OR ELEVATION. SINCE, THE PLANE OF PROJECTION IS
VERTICAL, IT IS CALLED VERTICAL PLANE OR FRONTAL REFERENCE PLANE.
• WHEN AN OBJECT IS OBSERVED FROM TOP, THE ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW IS CALLED
TOP VIEW OR PLAN. SINCE, THE PLANE OF PROJECTION IS HORIZONTAL, IT IS
CALLED HORIZONTAL PLANE OR HORIZONTAL REFERENCE PLANE.
• WHEN THE VERTICAL PLANE AND HORIZONTAL PLANE ARE
EXTENDED THEY WILL INTERSECT EACH OTHER AT 90˚ ON A LINE
CALLED REFERENCE LINE AND ITS DENOTED AS X-Y. WHEN THE
PLANES OF PROJECTION ARE EXTENDED FURTHER BEYOND THE
LINE OF INTERSECTION, THEY FORM FOUR QUADRANTS.
• WHEN THE OBJECT IS SITUATED IN THE FIRST QUADRANT, THE
METHOD OF PROJECTION IS SAID TO BE FIRST-ANGLE
PROJECTION METHOD.
• WHEN THE OBJECT IS SITUATED IN THE THIRD QUADRANT, THE
METHOD OF PROJECTION IS SAID TO BE THIRD-ANGLE
PROJECTION METHOD.
Fig.: Orthographic First-angle projection method
Fig.: Orthographic Third-angle projection method
• THIS TYPE OF PROJECTION IS CALLED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION AS SHOW
IN THE PREVIOUS SLIDE. THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND VISUALIZE AN
OBJECT FROM THESE VIEWS IS ESSENTIAL IN THE INTERPRETATION OF
ENGINEERING DRAWING.
• THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, MANY DRAWING
CONVENTIONS, TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND PRACTICES HAVE COME INTO
COMMON USE.
• IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT ALL DRAFTERS, DESIGNERS, AND ENGINEERS USE THE
SAME PRACTICES IF DRAFTING AND SKETCHING ARE TO SERVE AS A
RELIABLE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING TECHNICAL THEORY AND
APPLICATIONS.
• AN ENGINEERING DRAWING CONSISTS OF A VARIETY OF LINE STYLES,
SYMBOLS, AND LETTERING. WHEN POSITIONED CORRECTLY, THEY CONVEY
PRECISE INFORMATION TO THE READER
LINES USED TO DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A PART:

• MOST OBJECTS DRAWN IN ENGINEERING OFFICES ARE COMPLICATED AND

CONTAIN MANY SURFACES AND EDGES. FOR THIS REASON LINE IS THE
FUNDAMENTAL, AND PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT, SINGLE ENTITY ON AN
ENGINEERING DRAWING.
• LINES ARE USED TO ILLUSTRATE AND DESCRIBE THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF
OBJECTS THAT WILL LATER BECOME REAL PARTS. LIKE LETTERS OF AN
ALPHABET, LINES ARE ALSO DIFFERENT IN THEIR APPEARANCE. SOME ARE
DARK-OTHERS ARE LIGHT. SOME ARE THICK-OTHERS ARE THIN. SOME ARE
SOLID-OTHERS ARE DASHED IN VARIOUS WAYS. SOME OF THE VARIOUS
TYPES OF LINES ARE EXPLAINED BELOW,
• CONSTRUCTION LINES – WHEN FIRST LYING OUT A SKETCH, LIGHT, THIN,
SOLID LINES ARE USED TO DEVELOP THE SHAPE AND LOCATION OF
FEATURES. THESE LINES ARE CALLED AS CONSTRUCTION LINES, AND BEING
VERY THIN AND LIGHT, ARE NORMALLY LEFT ON THE SKETCH.
• VISIBLE LINES – VISIBLE LINES ARE THICK, CONTINUOUS, BOLD
LINES USED TO INDICATE ALL VISIBLE EDGES OF AN OBJECT. THEY
SHOULD STAND OUT CLEARLY IN CONTRAST TO OTHER LINES, SO
THAT THE SHAPE OF AN OBJECT IS QUICKLY APPARENT TO THE EYE.
• BREAK LINES – BREAK LINES SERVE MANY PURPOSES. FOR
EXAMPLES, THEY ARE USED TO SHORTEN THE VIEW OF LONG
UNIFORM SECTION, WHICH SAVES VALUABLE DRAWING SPACE.

Fig. : Use of break lines

• HIDDEN LINES – HIDDEN LINES ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THAT CANNOT BE
SEEN. THEY ARE POSITIONED ON THE VIEW IN THE SAME MANNER AS
VISIBLE LINES. THESE LINES CONSISTS OF SHIRT, EVENLY SPACED THIN
DASHES AND SPECS. THE DASHES ARE THREE TO FOUR TIMES AS LONG AS
THE SPECS. THESE LINES SHOULD BEGIN WITH A DASH IN CONTACT WITH
THE LINE IN WHICH THEY START AND END, EXCEPT WHEN SUCH A DASH
WOULD FORM A CONTINUATION OF A VISIBLE LINE.

Fig. : Hidden lines

• CENTRE LINES – DUE TO TOOLING AND MANUFACTURING
REQUIREMENTS, CIRCULAR, CYLINDRICAL AND SYMMETRICAL
PARTS, INCLUDING HOLES, MUST HAVE THEIR CENTRES LOCATED.
A SPECIAL LINE, REFERRED TO AS A CENTRE LINE, IS USED TO
LOCATE THESE FEATURES. A CENTRE LINE IS DRAWN AS A THIN,
BROKEN LINE OF LONG AND SHORT DASHES, SPACED
ALTERNATELY. CENTRE LINES MAY BE USED TO INDICATE CENTRE
POINTS, AXES OF SYMMETRICALLY SHAPED SURFACES OR PARTS.

Fig. : Centre line application

Various types of lines used in engineering drawings:

Fig.: Meaning of lines used in engineering drawings

Fig.: Various line styles used in Engineering drawing
 INTRODUCTION TO DIMENSIONING:
• A DETAIL DRAWING IS EXPECTED TO PROVIDE NOT ONLY THE COMPLETE SHAPE
DESCRIPTION OF THE PART, BUT ALSO FURNISH SIZE DESCRIPTION. THIS IS PROVIDED IN THE
FORM OF DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SURFACES, LOCATION OF HOLES, KIND OF FINISH, TYPE
OF MATERIAL USED, ETC.
• THESE FEATURES ARE ILLUSTRATED ON A DRAWING BY USE OF LINES, SYMBOLS, FIGURES
AND NOTES, CALLED DIMENSIONING. DIMENSIONS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING
TYPES:
• FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONS (F) – A DIMENSION THAT IS ESSENTIAL TO THE FUNCTION OF
THE PART.
• NON FUNCTIONAL DIMENSION (NF) – A DIMENSION THAT IS NOT ESSENTIAL TO THE
FUNCTION OF THE PART.
• AUXILIARY DIMENSION – A DIMENSION GIVEN FOR INFORMATION PURPOSE ONLY. IT DOES
NOT GOVERN THE PRODUCTION OR INSPECTION OPERATIONS AND IS DERIVED FROM OTHER
VALUES SHOWN ON THE DRAWING. AN AUXILIARY DIMENSION IS ENCLOSED IN
PARENTHESIS AND NO TOLERANCE APPLIES TO IT.
Fig.: Classification of dimensions
 PRINCIPLES OF DIMENSIONING:
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
DIMENSIONING :
• ALL DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION NECESSARY TO DEFINE A PART CLEARLY
AND COMPLETELY SHALL DIRECTLY ON A DRAWING, UNLESS THIS
INFORMATION IS SPECIFIED IN ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATIONS.
• EACH FEATURE SHALL BE DIMENSIONED ONCE ONLY ON A DRAWING.
• DIMENSIONS SHALL BE PLACED ON THE VIEW OR THE SECTION THAT SHOWS
CLEARLY, THE CORRESPONDING FEATURES.
• AS FAR AS POSSIBLE DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE PLACED OUTSIDE THE VIEW.
• DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE REPRESENTED FROM THE VISIBLE OUTLINES,
RATHER THAN FROM HIDDEN LINES.
• DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE GIVEN FROM A BASE LINE, A CENTRE LINE OF A
HOLE, OR A FINISHED SURFACE. DIMENSIONING TO A CENTRE LINE SHOULD
BE AVOIDED, EXCEPT WHEN IT PASSES THROUGH THE CENTRE HOLE.
Fig. : Placement of only necessary dimensions
• INTERSECTING PROJECTION AND DIMENSION LINES SHOULD BE
AVOIDED. WERE UNAVOIDABLE, HOWEVER, NEITHER LINE
SHOULD BE SHOWN WITH A BREAK. DIMENSION LINE SHOULD NOT
BE USED AS AN EXTENSION LINE.
THANK YOU