l2 Becoming Member of Society (Autosaved)

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BECOMING

A MEMBER
OF A SOCIETY
Enculturation
The process by which people learn the
requirements of their surrounding
culture and acquire the values and
behaviors appropriate or necessary in that
culture.

Socialization
It refers to a lifelong social experience by
which people develop their human
potential and learn culture.
Socialization
a.Identity Formation
b.Norms and Rules
c.Statuses and Roles
Three Goals of Socialization
 It teaches impulse control and help
individuals develop a conscience.
It teaches individuals how to prepare
for and perform certain social roles
It cultivates shared sources of
meaning and value
IDENTITY FORMATION
- Refers to the qualities, behavior,
values, beliefs, personality, looks
and/or expressions that makes a
person.
- It is flexible and can therefore change
according to situations and
circumstances.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
 one of the founders of social psychology
 introduced the Development of the Social
Mind (SELF) 
 this process is characterized by Mead as the "I"
and the "me.
" The "me" is the social self and the "I" is the
response to the "me. "

"I" is the response of an individual to the


attitudes of others, while the "me" is the
organized set of attitudes of others which
an individual assumes.
FOUR-STAGE PROCESS OF
SELF DEVELOPMENT
1. Imitation stage
2. Play stage
3. Game stage
4. “The Generalized Other”
1.Imitation Stage
imitates gestures and sound
2.Play Stage
Child assumes the roles of others
(role playing of the person). By playing
they learn what is acceptable and not
acceptable.
3.Game Stage
The child must take the role of everyone else
involved in the game.
Organizations begins and definite
personalities start to emerge
Children learn that not all roles are equal .
4.“The Generalized Other” Stage
The individual understands what kind of
behavior is expected or appropriate in different
social settings.
FACTORS THAT
CONTRIBUTE TO CHANGE

a.Context
b.Environment
c. Expectations
Three Major Perspectives of Identity
Formation
1. Identity Theory -roles assigned to
individuals
2. Social Identity Theory - group
membership and acceptance by the
group
3. Personal Identity Theory - personal
characteristics of an individual
SELF- CONCEPT
The sum of a being’s knowledge
and understanding of his/herself. 

How good am I as a person?


-Self-esteem
-Worthiness
-Self-efficacy
-Accomplishments
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS
OF A PERSON ARISING FROM THE
INTERACTION OF:
a. Genetics
b.Socialization
c. Enculturation
d.Life experience
Factors Influencing Sense of
Self
Control
Who or what controls your life?
Internal -your own choices &
decisions
External -outside forces
EXTERNAL FORCES
Cultural Identity
Is one’s feeling of identity or
affiliation with a group or culture.
Ethnic Identity
The Identification with a certain
ethnicity, usually on the basis of a
presumed common genealogy or
ancestry
National Identity
Is an ethical and philosophical
concept whereby all humans divided
into groups called nation.
Religious Identity
Is the set of beliefs and practices
generally held by an individual
involving adherence to codified beliefs
and rituals
CULTURE provides everyone with
norms, values, expectations, and other
information needed to live with others
in the group.

Values and norms of a society are


passed on to or acquired by its
members through the process of
Enculturation.
Norms
is a rule that guides the behavior of
members of a society or group.
things that exist in society
independent of individuals and that
shape our thoughts and behavior.
Normal
refers to that which conforms to norms
the act of abiding rules.
Normative
refers to what we perceive as normal, or
what we think should be normal,
regardless of whether it actually is.
refers to beliefs that are expressed as
directives or value of judgement.
Social Sanction

“We will face


sanctions if we
break them”
Values
shared ideas or standards about
the worthwhileness of goals and
lifestyle.
standards that people use to
decide what is desirable, good,
and beautiful, and that serve as
broad guidelines for social living.
Aspects of sociological
concept of value
 Values exist at different levels of
generality of abstraction .
 Values tend to be hierarchically arranged.
 Values are explicit and implicit in varying
degrees.
 Values often are in conflict with one
another
Status
position in a social system.
refers to a social position that a person
holds.
can be ascribed or achieved, given or
accomplished, respectively
It may be because of an individual’s:
a. Lifestyle
b. Education
c. Vocation
Ascribed status
A social position receives at birth or
takes on involuntarily later in life.
Fixed for an individual at birth.
Include those based upon sex, age,
race ethnic group and family
background.
– Religion Heritage
– Ethnicity
– Gender
Achieved Status
a person takes on voluntarily that
reflects personal identity and effort.
Those which the individual acquires
during his or her lifetime because of
the exercise of knowledge, ability,
skill and/or perseverance.
Role
Refers to the behavior expected of
someone who holds a
particular status.
 A person who holds a status and
perform a role.
An individual may play one or more
roles
Role Conflict
stems out from the challenging and
opposing pressures of two or more
roles that struggle for our time and
attention.
Conflict among the roles connected to
two or more statuses.
 Results from the competing demands of
two or more roles that vie for our time
and energy.
Gender Identity
A personal understanding of oneself as
male or female.
Gender Role
A set of norms imposing the types of
behaviors which are usually considered
acceptable, appropriate or desirable for
people grounded based on one’s real or
supposed sex or sexuality.
Role,
Impression
Management,
and
Identity Formation
Erving Goffman
He first articulated the idea of
impression management.
Individuals may improvise on the
performance of their role so that they
appear “presentable” in the situation
Role Manipulation
 Through impression management has bearing
on the formation of a person’s self-identity.
Impression Management
 Is a concept to be taken very seriously.
 It has the power and influence to create a
favorable public opinion of a particular person.
 It can break or repair a damaged persona
Status and Roles
Are important concepts in
socialization because the behavior of
young members of society are
controlled by assigning them certain
status which they will enact.
“we can deal with anyone, we need to
know who the person is”
According to sociologists,
STATUS describes the position a
person occupies in a certain
situation.
We all engage in various statues
and play the ROLES that may
relate to them.

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