Module 8 Computing The Point Estimate of A Population Mean

Reminders:
Assessment 5 and 6
Recitations
Performance Task 2 (next week)
Chapter Test 1 (next week)
ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS: COMPUTING
THE POINT ESTIMATE OF A POPULATION MEAN
Objectives
• understand the concept of estimation;
• distinguish between point estimate and interval
estimate; and
• find the point estimates of population means and
proportions.
estimate
An estimate is a value or a range of values that
approximate a parameter. It is based on sample
statistics computed from a sample data.
An estimate is a value or a range of values that
approximate a parameter. It is based on sample
statistics computed from a sample data.
Estimation is a process of determining

parameter values.
PARAMETER
In math, a parameter is something in an
equation that is passed on in an equation. It
means something different in statistics. It’s a value
that tells you something about a population and is
the opposite from a statistic, which tells you
something about a small part of the population.
STATISTICAL INFERENCES
Statistical inference consists in the use of
statistics to draw conclusions about some
unknown aspect of a population based on a
random sample from that population.
TWO TYPES OF STATISTICAL INFERENCES
• Hypothesis testing is used to assess the
plausibility of a hypothesis by using sample data.
• The test provides evidence concerning the
plausibility of the hypothesis, given the data.
• Statistical analysts test a hypothesis by measuring
and examining a random sample of the
population being analyzed.
TWO TYPES OF STATISTICAL INFERENCES
Estimation – it is the process of calculating some

statistics based upon the sample data draw from
a certain population. The statistics is used as an
approximation to the population parameter.
Activity
Restaurant Service Quality
Susan a TLE researcher looked at the average time (in

minutes) it takes a random sample of customers to be served in a
restaurant. From 40 customers, the following information was
obtained. What is the average wait time? __________
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8
1. What is the mean of the sample? _______ minutes.

2. This value is called _________ of the population mean .
3. Based on the observation of the mean, would you patronize the restaurant?
MEAN
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10 103 10.30
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15 129 12.90
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12 138 13.80
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8 130 13.00
MEAN
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10 103 10.30
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15 129 12.90
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12 138 13.80
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8 130 13.00
45 50 61 60 47 54 41 44 43 45
MEAN 11.25 12.50 15.25 15.00 11.75 13.50 12.75 11.00 10.75 11.25
12.50
1 1 .25+12.50+. . .+11.25
𝑥= =12.50
10
Sample Row Sum of Scores Mean Sample Column Sum of Scores Mean
1 45 11.25
1 103 10.30
2 50 12.50
2 129 12.90 3 61 15.25
3 138 13.80 4 60 15.00
4 130 13.00 5 47 11.75

6 54 13.50
Overall Mean 12.50
7 51 12.75
8 44 11.00
9 43 10.75
10 45 11.25
Overall Mean 12.50
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8
1. What is the mean of the sample? _______ 12.50 minutes.

2. This value is called _________
Point Estimate of the population mean .
3. Based on the observation of the mean, would you patronize the restaurant?
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8
the mean of the sample is an estimate of the

population parameter µ, the “true” average it takes to be
serve in the restaurant. The number is used to describe a
particular characteristic, wait time, of the population.
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8
a population maybe finite or infinite. A finite population is a

population that is countable. The actual number of costumers
serve in a restaurant constitutes a finite population. An infinite
population is a hypothetical collection of elements.
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8
population parameters are usually unknown fixed values. But, there is a way to
determine them. In an example, there are two ways to report the results.
1. Report a number that describes the average wait time. The number is called point of
estimate. The point of estimate is a specific numerical value of the population
parameter. The sample mean is the best point of estimate of the population mean.
2. Report a range of values that contains the number that truly describes the wait time.
This is called interval estimate. Interval estimate is a range of values that may
contain the parameter of a population.
A good estimator has the following properties:
1. When the mean of a sample statistic from a large number of
the different random samples equals to true population
parameter, then the sample statistic is an unbiased estimate
of the population parameter.
A good estimator has the following properties:
1. When the mean of a sample statistic from a large number of
the different random samples equals to true population
parameter, then the sample statistic is an unbiased estimate
of the population parameter.
2. Across the many repeated samples, the estimate are not very
far from the true parameter value.
Other than the mean, we also compute the standard deviation s to describe
the dispersion of the scores in a distribution. The standard deviation is the
square root of the variance. So, we compute the variance first. Then, we
extract the square root of the result to get the value of the standard deviation.
Recall: VARIANCE :
STANDARD DEVIATION:
where:
 = ‘sum of’ = overall mean
= ‘column mean’ = number of cases
Solution:
Variance

Standard Deviation
Variance (Sample)
2. You were given the following set of numbers.
8 32 25 16 14 20 35
Find the variance and standard deviation.
1. Compute the sample mean.
Variance (Sample)
You were given the following set of numbers.
8 32 25 16 14 20 35
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Let’s try this:
1. You were given the following set of numbers.
78 89 89 80 85
86 86 79 78 78
80 88 92 85 87
85 80 81 82 86
Find the: 85 88 96 82 87
a. Mean of the means

b. Variance
c. Standard deviation

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Reminders:

Estimation is a process of determining

Estimation – it is the process of calculating some

Susan a TLE researcher looked at the average time (in

1. What is the mean of the sample? _______ minutes.

4 130 13.00 5 47 11.75

1. What is the mean of the sample? _______ 12.50 minutes.

the mean of the sample is an estimate of the

a population maybe finite or infinite. A finite population is a

a. Mean of the means

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