UNIT IV

MODULE 7: TRIANGLE
TRIGONOMETRY
INTRODUCTION

 Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics

concerned with the studies of triangles, as it was
derived from Greek words trigon and metron
meaning “ the measurement of triangles”, and
the relationship between the length of the sides
and measures of angles. The height of houses
and buildings are computed using trigonometry.
It is the reason why engineers can determine the
size and dimensions even without roaming
around the building.
 Another significant function of trigonometry
is how to find the area of irregular land.
 It is also important in aircraft design and
navigation. It is used to compute the distance
of ship from the port. Trigonometry is also an
arty science for you can measure the heights
of mountains.
 This module emphases the applications of
trigonometry on our lives.
 Lesson 1: The Six
Trigonometric Ratios: Sine,
Cosine, Tangent, Secant,
Cosecant and Cotangent.
 OBJECTIVE(S):
1. Illustrate the six trigonometric ratios.
2. Apply the trigonometric ratios to solve right triangles
given:
a. The length of the hypotenuse and the length of one leg.
b. The length of the hypotenuse and one of the acute
angles.
c. The length of one leg and one of the acute angles
d. The length of both sides.
Getting Ready

 Activity: Sides of Right Triangles

Direction: Given the triangles below, complete
the table that follows.
1. 2.
c
a o d

b
g
 a
3. 4.

t e f
m

HYPOTENUSE OPPOSITE SIDE OF ADJACENT SIDE OF THE

MARKED ANGLE MARKED ANGLE
1
2
3
4
 THINKING ABOUT
 1. How did you find the activity?
 2. Were you able to determine the hypotenuse
of each triangle? What have you observed about
the hypotenuse and the right angle of the
triangle?
 3. Do you think you can easily recognize the
hypotenuse if you will be given another right
triangle?
 4. How did you identify the opposite side of the
marked angle? Adjacent side of the marked
angle?
 Take Note

 In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is

the longest side and always opposite
of the right angle.
Activity: Compare and Construct

 Direction: Explore the given triangles and record

your data in the table that follows.
1. Construct three triangles ABC,DEF and GHI, where
mB=mE=mH=38.
2. In ABC, AC is perpendicular to BC and BC=7in
. In DEF, DFEF and EF=12cm. In GHI, GIHI
where HI=20cm.
3. Use a ruler to measure the hypotenuse and the
altitude of each triangle as accurate as possible to
the nearest tenth.
  Write the data on the table.
Measures ABC DEF GHI
Hypotenuse
Leg opposite the 38
Leg adjacent the38
Leg opposite the 38 angle
hypotenuse
Leg adjacent the 38 angle
hypotenuse
Leg opposite the 38 angle
Leg adjacent the 38 angle
Thinking About

 1. What kind of Triangles were constructed?

 2. What do you notice about the ratio (in
decimal) of the three triangles?
a. Leg opposite the 38 angle
hypotenuse
b. Leg adjacent the 38 angle
hypotenuse
c. Leg opposite the 38 angle
Leg adjacent the 38 angle
 3. Use a scientific calculator and give the
value of sin 38, cos 38, and tan 38.
Compare these values to the ratios on the
table. What do you observe?
 4. what can you derive from the sine ?
Cosine ? Tangent ?
Activity: TRYangles

1. Construct your own right triangle and

measure the sides.
2. Label the right angle and an acute angle.
3. Determine the measure of the hypotenuse,
opposite and adjacent sides of the marked
acute angle.
4. Use your calculator to get the values of the
three ratios.
A. opposite side of the marked acute angle
hypotenuse
B. Adjacent side of the marked acute angle
hypotenuse
C. Opposite side of the marked acute angle
Adjacent side of the marked acute angle

5. Compare your answer with your classmates.

 Thinking About

1. Could the ratios

be greater than 1? Explain your answer.

2. What about What greatest

value is possible for this ratio? Explain your

answer?
 Take Note

 In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the

longest side and always opposite the right
angle.
 A right triangle has one angle whose measure
is 90, the other two angles are acute angles
and they are complementary since the sum of
the angles in a triangle is 180. Let  represents
the angle and label the three sides relative to 
as hypotenuse, adjacent and opposite.
 In terms of these sides, we have six
trigonometric ratios, the first three are sine,
cosine and tangent.
Sine = opposite side of 
hypotenuse
Cosine = adjacent side of 
hypotenuse
Tangent = opposite side of 
adjacent side of

Hypotenuse
Opposite side

Adjacent side
 To help you remember these three
fundamental ratios of trigonometry, let’s use
the memory aid SOH-CAH-TOA. (S for sine, C
for Cosine, T for Tangent, O for opposite side
of the angle, A for the adjacent side of the
angle and H for the hypotenuse.)
 The remaining three trigonometric ratios are the
reciprocals of the first three.

Cosecant =

Secant
 Make it Work

 Give the functions of the acute angles given

the following right triangles. Use small letter
to represent the opposite side of the angle.
1. A
Sin B=____ Sin C=____
Cos B=____ Cos C=____
Tan B=____ Tan C=____
B C Cot B=____ Cot C=____
Sec B=____ Sec C=____
Csc B=_____ Csc C=____
 Sin D=____ Sin F=____
E D
2. Cos D=____ Cos F=____
Tan D=____ Tan F=____
Cot D=____ Cot F=____
Sec D=____ Sec F=____
Csc D=_____ Csc F=____
F
3.
G Sin I=____ Sin G=____
Cos I=____ Cos G=____
Tan I=____ Tan G=____
H Cot I=____ Cot G=____
Sec I=____ Sec G=____
I Csc I=_____ Csc G=____
 Let’s use this ratios in solving the missing
parts of right triangles.
1. B
c
a
36
A
b=10 C
2.
T
i r

5412’
R I
T=16.81
 How to use calculator in finding the values of
trigonometric ratios?
A. Finding the value given the angle. (Be sure
that your calculator is in degree function)
1.Find the value of Cos 36
2. Find the value of Tan 7132’.
B. Finding the measure of the angle given the
trigonometric value.
1. Find the measure of the angle in nearest
minute, given cos =0.3789
2. Write 30.48 in degrees, minutes, seconds.
 Make It Work

 A. Use your calculator to find the value of the

following to the nearest thousandth.
1. Tan 45 6. tan 60.95
2. Sin 42 7. sin 8145’
3. Cos 60 8. cos 14 2’57”
4. Cos 38.6 9. tan 6340’
5. Tan 74.05 10. sin 5530’25”
 B. Find the measure of the angle to the
nearest minute.
1. Sin = 0.3 6. cos =0.745
2. Cos =0.86 7. tan =1.9626
3. Cos =0.077 8. sin = 0.8430
4. Tan =1.54 9. sin =0.33024
5. Tan =2.6 10. tan =1.40988
 Solving right triangle given the following situations:
A. Given the length of the hypotenuse and the length
of one leg.
1. In ABC, C is a right angle. If c=24cm and a=5cm,
find the mA.
2. XYZ is a right angled at Y, if y=19.27cm and
z=12.05cm, what is the measure of angle X?
B. Given the length of the hypotenuse and the measure
of one acute angle.
1. Triangle ABC has right angle at C. What is the length
of a if c=35.20cm and the measure of A=44.12.
2. Angle C is the right angle of triangle ABC if c=11 and
B=75, find a?
 C. Given the length of one leg and the measure of
one acute angle.
1. Triangle ABC has right angle at C, if mB=50
and b=62.18cm, find a.
2. Triangle ABC is right angled at C. If mA=40.88
and a=12.6, find c.
D. Given the length of the two legs.
3. In a right triangle ABC with right angle at C, find
the length of the hypotenuse and each angle if
the legs are 15.76cm and 29.04cm.
4. Triangle ABC with right angle at C, if the legs are
12 and , find each angle and the hypotenuse.
Exercises No: 6
 Solve for the unknown in a right triangle.
B
1. c
a=12cm Find c, A and B.
A C
b=10 cm

2.
B
c
Find a=8.12cm
c, A and B.
A C
b=5.23 cm
 Make it Work
 Solve the missing parts of right triangle ABC
where angle C is the right angle.
a b c A B
1 14 20
2 21 29
3 44 56
4 24 30
5 35.6 45
6 58.34 36.22
7 45.79 3540’
8 63.41 5524’35”
9 56.389 59.047
10 2.47 3442’43”
Activity: Classroom-made Clinometer

Materials Needed: Protractor, drinking straw,

masking tape, thread, metal washer, or coin as
weight.
How to make a clinometer?
1. Using masking tape attached the drinking
straw along the diameter of the protractor.
2. Attach the thread to the center of the
protractor.
3. Tie the metal washer or coin to the thread
this will serve as the weight.
 How to use a clinometer?
4. Look through the drinking straw. Make sure
that you clearly see the target object.
5. Keep the clinometer steady and let the
weight comes to rest.
6. Ask your classmate to what degree on the
protractor the thread rest.
 Thinking about

 1. What do you think is the function of the

clinometer?
 2. What are the difficulties encountered in
giving the measure of the angle?
 3. Recall vertical angles and its properties,
how can this be applied in this activity?
 4. How can you determine the height of an
object using your knowledge on right triangle
and this clinometer?
Activity: Let’s go outside and try
 1. Go to the ground where you can clearly see the
flagpole.
 2. Measure your distance from the flagpole.
 3. Using your clinometer, determine the measure of
inclination. (Ask for your classmate’s help in
determining the measure of the inclination on the
clinometer.)
 4. Measure the height of the clinometer from the
ground.
 5. Draw an illustration.
 6. Compute the height of the flagpole using
trigonometric ratio.
 Thinking About

 1. How did you find the activity?

 2. Why is the height of the clinometer from
the ground important in determining the
height of the flagpole?
 3. Would you able to use this in your life? How
and why?