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English 8 - Quarter 3 - Lesson 4 (Parallel Structure)

The document defines parallel structure as the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence to balance ideas of equal importance. It identifies five types of parallel structure: 1) elements joined by coordinating conjunctions, 2) elements in lists or a series, 3) elements being compared, 4) elements joined by a linking verb, and 5) elements joined by correlative conjunctions. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate how to create parallel structure in sentences.

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LEMS John Peter Bautista
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82 views

English 8 - Quarter 3 - Lesson 4 (Parallel Structure)

The document defines parallel structure as the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence to balance ideas of equal importance. It identifies five types of parallel structure: 1) elements joined by coordinating conjunctions, 2) elements in lists or a series, 3) elements being compared, 4) elements joined by a linking verb, and 5) elements joined by correlative conjunctions. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate how to create parallel structure in sentences.

Uploaded by

LEMS John Peter Bautista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parallel Structure

Objectives:

▧ Define parallelism and parallel structure in


grammar.

▧ Identify the types of parallel structure.

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1.
What is
a Parallel structure?

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Parallel Structure

▧ Also called parallelism


▧ It is the repetition of a chosen grammatical form
within a sentence.
▧ It is the use of matching sentence structure, phrases,
or longer parts so as to balance ideas of equal
importance.

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Example:

a. Kevin loves cycling, c. Juan is studying art,


running, and swimming. literature, and how to
make music.
b. Kevin loves cycling,
running, and to swim. d. Juan is studying art,
literature, and music.

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2.
Parallel Elements

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Parallel Elements

▧ Words – thinking, running


▧ Infinitives - to see, to understand
▧ Prepositional Phrases - at the time, in the house
▧ Subordinate Clause - because I care, after they met

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3.
Five Types of
Parallelism

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Five Types of Parallelism

1. Joined by coordinating conjunctions


2. With elements in lists or a series.
3. With elements being compared.
4. With elements joined by a linking verb or a verb of
being.
5. With elements joined by correlative conjunction.

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1
With elements joined by coordinating
conjunctions,
especially and, but, and or.
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A. Parallel words:
▧ Jogging and running are the easiest exercises.
Parallel elements - jogging, running
Coordinating conjunction - and
▧ I do not enjoy jogging or running.
parallel elements - jogging, running coordinating
conjunction - or

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B. Parallel phrases:
▧ She likes to eat but not to drink.
Parallel infinitive phrases – to eat, to drink
Coordinating conjunction – but
▧ You will find the brown wallet in the cabinet or
under the bed.
Parallel prepositional phrases – in the cabinet, under
the bed
Coordinating conjunction – or
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C. Parallel clauses:
▧ Please return the calculator after we have had some coffee or
when your class is over.
Parallel clauses – after we have had some coffee, when your
class is over
Coordinating conjunction - or
▧ I wondered who she was and what she was doing here.
Parallel clauses – who she was, what she was doing here
Coordinating conjunction - and

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2
Use parallel structure with elements
in lists or a series

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A. Series of words:
▧ Rosalie wanted three gifts this Christmas: a laptop, mini iPod,
and cash.
▧ Vlad wants to eat: fruits, vegetables, and meat.

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B. Series of infinitives
▧ I have no time to request my transcript, to process my license,
and to pay my water bill.

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C. Series of a prepositional phrase:
▧ You can find yellow pads in the school supply section, in
some groceries store, but not in the gasoline station.

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D. Series of clauses:
▧ She doesn't care about who he is, what he has, and what he
can give as her boyfriend.

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3
Use a parallel structure with elements
being compared.
(X is more than / better than Y)
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Example:
▧ Going to Curuan by single motorcycle can actually take less
time than taking a van.

▧ How you respect others is just as important as how much you


value yourself.

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4
Use parallel structure with elements
joined by a linking verb or a verb of
being.

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Example:
▧ What you see is what you get.

▧ Being my friend means being always on the go.

▧ To know him is to respect him.

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5
Use a parallel structure with elements
joined by correlative conjunction.

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A. Examples with either / or and neither /
nor:
▧ We were told to either reduce the number of pages or delete
one chapter.

▧ Bryan was neither going to classes nor practicing his dance


number.

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B. Examples with both / and:
▧ I like both to buy a new cellphone and to avail an installment
laptop.

▧ I like both to buy a new cellphone and a laptop.

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c. Examples with not only / but also:
▧ As new employees, we were told not only what to do but also
what to contribute to the company.

▧ Miguel wished not only to go to Korea for the summer but


also to stay there or good

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Let’s have a review!

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Read and understand the sentences.
Correct the faulty sentences by using
parallel structure.
1. She likes cooking, jogging, and to read.
: She likes cooking, jogging, and reading.
2. Dianna wants to eat boiled egg, spicy curls, bbq.
: Dianna wants to eat: boiled egg, spicy curls, and bbq.
3. Violet is a talented reader, is good at speaking, and a writer.
: Violet is a good reader, speaker, and writer.

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Any questions?

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