Unit-10

Multimedia

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 1

 Introduction to Multimedia

• Multimedia is a form of communication that combines different content forms

 such as text, audio, images, animations, or video into a single interactive
presentation. Popular examples of multimedia include audio slideshows and
animated videos.
• Multimedia can be recorded for playback on computers, laptops, smartphones,
and other electronic devices, either on demand or in real time. In the early years
of multimedia, the term "rich media" was synonymous with 
interactive multimedia.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 2

 Elements of Multimedia

Text
• Text is the basic components of multimedia and most common ways of
communicating information to other person.
• Even though multimedia includes images, video, audio and graphics, Text is the
basic components used in multimedia.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 3

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Graphics
• Graphics make the multimedia application attractive.
• People do not like reading large amount of textual matter on the screen.
• Graphics are used more often than text to explain a concept, present background
information etc.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 4

 Types of Graphics

There are two types of Graphics:

• Bitmap images- Bitmap images are real images that can be captured from devices
such as digital cameras or scanners. Generally bitmap images are not editable.
Bitmap images require a large amount of memory.
• Vector Graphics- Vector graphics are drawn on the computer and only require a
small amount of memory. These graphics are editable.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 5

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Audio
• The speech, music and sound effects used in multimedia is digital audio.
• Multimedia applications use audio or the sound element like, website or
presentation can add audio files from a musical background.
• There are two basic type of audio or sound; analog and digital.
• The original sound signal is termed as Analog audio.
• The digital sampling of the original sound is termed as Digital audio.
• Common file types for Audio include: MP3, WAV, WMA

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 6

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Animation
• Animation is the process of making a static image to look as if it is moving.
• It helps in creating, developing, sequencing, and displaying a set of images
technically known as frames.
• Digital animation can be classified as 2D two dimension and 3D Three dimension
animations.
• GIFs, an abbreviation for graphic image files, are small files that present.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 7

 Contd……

Video
• Video is defined as the display of recorded event, scene etc.
• The powerful way to convey information in multimedia applications are
embedding of video.
• The video can be categorized in two types as Analog video and Digital video.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 8

 Applications of Multimedia

• Multimedia in Business
• Multimedia in Marketing and Advertising
• Multimedia in Entertainment
• Multimedia in Education
• Multimedia in Bank
• Multimedia in Hospital
• Communication Technology and Multimedia Services

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 9

 Image file formats

• Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing 

digital images. An image file format may store data in an uncompressed format, a
compressed format (which may be lossless), or a vector format. Image files are
composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be 
rasterized for use on a computer display or printer. Rasterization converts the
image data into a grid of pixels. Each pixel has a number of bits to designate its
color (and in some formats, its transparency). Rasterizing an image file for a
specific device takes into account the number of bits per pixel (the color depth)
that the device is designed to handle.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 10

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Abbreviation File format File extension(s)

Graphics
GIF Interchange Format .gif

Joint Photographic .jpg , .jpeg , .jfif , .pj

JPEG Expert Group image peg , .pjp
Portable Network
PNG .png
Graphics
Scalable Vector
SVG .svg
Graphics

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 11

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• JPEG  is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images,

particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of
compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable trade off between storage
size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little
perceptible loss in image quality.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 12

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• The TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format is a flexible format usually using

either the TIFF or TIF filename extension. The tagged structure was designed to
be easily extendible and many vendors have introduced proprietary special-
purpose tags – with the result that no one reader handles every flavor of TIFF file.
TIFF’s can be lossy or lossless, depending on the technique chosen for storing the
pixel data. Some offer relatively good lossless compression for(black&white)
images.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 13

 Contd

• The GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is in normal use limited to an 8-bit palette,

or 256 colors (while 24-bit color depth is technically possible). GIF is most suitable
for storing graphics with few colors, such as simple diagrams, shapes, logos, and
cartoon style images, as it uses LZW lossless compression, which is more effective
when large areas have a single color, and less effective for photographic images.
Due to GIF's simplicity and age, it achieved almost universal software support.
Due to its animation capabilities, it is still widely used to provide image animation
effects, despite its low compression ratio compared to modern video formats.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 14

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• The BMP file format (Windows bitmap) handles graphic files within

the Microsoft Windows OS. Typically, BMP files are uncompressed,
and therefore large and lossless; their advantage is their simple
structure and wide acceptance in Windows programs.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 15

 Contd

• The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file format was created as a free, open-

source alternative to GIF. The PNG file format supports eight-bit palette images
(with optional transparency for all palette colors) and 24-bit true color (16 million
colors) or 48-bit true color with and without alpha channel – while GIF supports
only 256 colors and a single transparent color.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 16

 Web Based Multimedia

• Multimedia refers to the literal combination of multiple types of media. Web-

based multimedia, however, is a term used to describe the multimedia (sound,
video, or animation, text and images) found within web pages.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 17

 Benefits of Web-based multimedia

• Deeper understanding.
• Improved problem solving.
• Increased positive emotions.
• Access to a vast variety of information.
• World exploration.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 18

 Web Based Multimedia in Business

• Information Delivery
• E-Commerce
• Virtual Reality(VR)
• Entertainment

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 19

 Future of Web Based Multimedia

The articles in Computing Now’s November 2016 issue highlight the following
technologies and considerations related to multimedia on the Internet and discuss
how they might look in the future:
• media formats, such as ultra-high-definition (UHD),  high frame rate (HFR), and
high dynamic range (HDR);
• media processing within the cloud;
• architectures, specifically with respect to information-centric networking (ICN);
• devices and interaction possibilities;
• quality of experience (QoE); and
• security and privacy.

06/06/2023 Prepared by SKM 20