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STATISTICS Part 3

This document discusses measures of dispersion for data sets, including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each measure and explains that standard deviation is the most useful measure as it considers how far all values are from the mean. The document concludes with an example where standard deviations are calculated to determine which company's batteries have the most consistent hours of use.

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Randy Biag Figueras
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28 views12 pages

STATISTICS Part 3

This document discusses measures of dispersion for data sets, including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each measure and explains that standard deviation is the most useful measure as it considers how far all values are from the mean. The document concludes with an example where standard deviations are calculated to determine which company's batteries have the most consistent hours of use.

Uploaded by

Randy Biag Figueras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

MEASURES OF DISPERSIONS
MEASURES OF DISPERSIONS

• A measures of variability of a set of


data ia number that conveys the idea
of the spread for the data set.
Range
Standard deviation
Variation
RANGE

• The range measures the distance between the largest


and the smallest values and as such gives an idea of the
spread of data set. However the range does not use the
concept of deviation. It is affected by outliers but does not
consider all values in the data set. Thus it is a not a very
useful measure of variability.

Range (R) = highest value - lowest value


EXAMPLE: FIND THE RANGE

• Find the range of the numbers of ounces dispensed by


machine 1 and machine 2
Machine 1 machine 1 machine 2

R= 10.07 - 5.85 9.5 8.01

R= 4.22 oz 6.41 7.99

machine 2 10.07 7.95

R = 8.03 - 7.95 5.85 8.03

R = 0.08 oz 8.15 8.02


VARIANCE

• The variance for a given data set is the


square of the standard deviation of the
data.
Variance of the population

Variance of the sample


THE STANDARD DEVIATION

• The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out


numbers are.
Procedures for Computing a Standard Deviation

1. Determine the mean of the n numbers.


2. For each number, calculate the deviation (difference)
between the number and the mean of the numbers.
3. Calculate the square of each deviation and find the sum
of these squared deviations.
4. If the data is a Population, then divide the sum by n.If the
data is a sample, then divide the sum by n-1.
5. Find the square root of the quotient in step 4.
Find the Variance and Standard Deviation

• The following numbers were obtained by sampling a


population. 2, 4, 7, 12, 15.
USE STANDARD DEVIATIONS

• A consumer group has tested a sample of


8 size - D batteries from each of 3
companies. The results of the tests are
shown in the following table. according to
these tests, which company produces
batteries for which values representing
hours of constant use have the smallest
standard deviation?
COMPANY HOURS OF CONSTANT USE PER BATTERY

EVERSOBRIGHT 6.2, 6.4, 7.1, 5.9, 8.3, 5.3, 7.5, 9.3

DEPENDABLE 6.8, 6.2, 7.2, 5.9, 7, 7.4, 7.3, 8.2

BEACON 6.1, 6.6, 7.3, 5.7, 7.1, 7.6, 7.1, 8.5,


COMPANY HOURS OF CONSTANT USE PER BATTERY

EVERSOBRIGHT S = 1.33 h

DEPENDABLE S = 0.72 h

BEACON S = 0.88 h
CONCLUSION:

• The batteries from Dependable have


the smallest standard diveation.
According to these results, the
Dependable company produces the
most consistent batteries with regards
to life expectancy under constant use

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