Anatomy - Physiology Lesson 16 Part 1 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE Reproductive System
Presented by: Mary Grace E. Medina RN, MAN

Learning Objectives:
 At the end of this lesson the learners will be
able to:
 Identify the parts of the reproductive system
and the function of each part of the male.

 Trace the pathway of the sperm cells in the
organ system
 Most organ systems function almost
continuously to maintain the well-being of
the individual. The reproductive system,
however, appears to “slumber” until puberty.
 The primary sex organs or gonad, are the
testes in males and the ovaries in females.

 The gonads produce sex cells, or gametes,
and secrete a variety of steroid hormones
commonly called sex hormones. The
remaining reproductive structures-ducts,
glands, and external genitalia are accessory
reproductive organs.
 Although the male and females reproductive
organs are quite different, it serves 1 function

to produce offspring.
 The male’s reproductive role is to
manufacture male gametes called sperm and
deliver them to the female reproductive tract,
where fertilization can occur.
 The complementary role of the female is to
produce female gametes, called ova or eggs.

 As a result of appropriately timed
intercourse, a sperm and an egg may fuse to

form a fertilized egg, or zygote.
 The Zygote is the first cell of a new
individual, from which all body cells will arise.
 The male and female reproductive systems
are equal partners in events leading up to

fertilization, but once fertilization has
occurred, the female partner’s uterus
provides the protective environment where
the embryo develops until birth.
Male Reproductive organs
 1. Penis  1. Testis
 2. Scrotum  2. Epididymis
 3. Vas deferens
 4. Accessory Gland
◦ A. Seminal Vescicles
◦ B. Prostate Gland
◦ C. Bulbourethral Glands
External Genital Organs Internal Genital Organs

The Scrotum
 The scrotum is a sac of skin and superficial
fascia that hangs outside the abdominopelvic
cavity at the root of the penis.
 It is covered with sparse hairs, and contains
paired oval testes.

 A midline septum divides the scrotum,
providing a compartment for each testis.

 This seems a rather vulnerable location for a
man’s testes, which contain his entire ability
to father offspring. However, because viable
sperm cannot be produced in abundance at
core body temperature (37c), the superficial
location of the scrotum, which provides a
temp of about 3c lower, is an essential
adaptation.
 Furthermore, the scrotum is affected by
temperature changes. When it is cold, the
testes are pulled closer to the pelvic floor and
the warmth of the body wall, and the scrotum
becomes shorter and heavily wrinkled,
decreasing its surface area and increasing its
thickness to reduce heat loss.
 When it is warm, the scrotal skin is flaccid
and loose to increase the surface area for
cooling (sweating) and the testes hang lower,
away from the body trunk.
TESTES
The testes are the two oval shaped male
organs that produce sperm and hormone
testosterone.
Testosterone – the primary male sex
hormones.
TESTES
 The sperm producing testes or male gonads.
Lie within the scrotum. From the Testes, the
sperm are delivered to the body exterior
through a system of ducts including (in order)
the epididymis, the ductus deferens (vas
deferens), the ejaculatory duct, and finally the
urethra, which opens to the outside at the tip
of the penis.
 Each testis is made of tightly coiled structures
called seminiferous tubules.
 Among the tubules are cells that produce the

testosterone.
Seminiferous Tubules
 Lying in the soft connective tissue
surrounding the seminiferous tubules are the
interstitial endocrine cells, also called Leydig
cells. These cells produce androgens (most
importantly testosterone) which they secrete
into the surrounding interstitial fluid
 Testicular arteries, which branch from the
abdominal aorta superior to the pelvis supply
the testes.
 The testicular veins draining the testes arise
from a network called the pampiniform

venous plexus that surrounds the portion of
each testicular artery within the scrotum like
a climbing vine.
 The cooler venous blood in each pampiniform
plexus absorbs heat from the arterial blood,
cooling it before it enters the testes.
 In this way, these plexuses help to keep the
testes at their cool homeostatic temperature.

 Both divisions of the ANS serve the testes,
and when the testes are hit forcefully,
associated sensory nerve transmit impulses
that result in agonizing pain and nausea.
Penis
 The penis is a copulatory organ, designed to
deliver sperm into the female reproductive
tract.
 The penis and scrotum, which hang
suspended from the perineum, make up the

external reproductive structures, or external
genitalia, of the male.
 The penis consists of an attached root and a
free body or shaft that ends in an enlarged
tip, the glans penis.
 The skin covering the penis is loose, and
when it slides distally it forms a cuff called

the prepuce, or foreskin, around the glans
 Frequently the foreskin is removed surgically
shortly after birth, a procedure called

Circumcision.
 The midventral erectile body, the corpus
spongiosum, surrounds the urethra. It
expands distally to form the glans and
proximally to form the part of the root called
the bulb of the penis.
 The paired dorsal erectile bodies, called the
corpora cavernosa make up most of the penis

and are bound by the fibrous tunica
albuginea.
Male perineum
Suspends the scrotum and contains the root of the penis, and the anus. More
specifically, it is the diamond-shaped region located between the pubic symphisis
anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the ischium.
The Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Urethra
 Is a terminal portion of the male duct system. It
transports urine and semen (at different times) so it
serves both the urinary and reproductive systems.
 Its regions are:
 Prostatic Urethra- the portion surrounded by
prostate
 Membranous Urethra – in the urogenital diaphragm.
 Spongy urethra – runs through the penis and opens
to the outside at the external urethral orifice
Accessory Glands
Seminal Glands
Seminal Vesicles
 Lie on posterior bladder surface. Each of these fairly
large, hollow glands is about the shape and length
of a little finger.
 Stored within the mucosa’s honeycomb of blind
alleys is a yellowish viscous alkaline fluid containing

fructose sugar, citric acid, a coagulating enzyme, a
prostaglandins, and other substances that increase
sperm motility or fertilizing ability.
 The yellow color of a seminal fluid is due to a yellow
pigment that fluoresces under UV light, a capability

that allows investigators to recognize a sperm trail
or residue in instances of sexual attack.
SPERMATOGENESIS
THANK
YOU!

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MALE Reproductive System

Presented by: Mary Grace E. Medina RN, MAN

and the function of each part of the male.

testes in males and the ovaries in females.

organs are quite different, it serves 1 function

produce female gametes, called ova or eggs.

intercourse, a sperm and an egg may fuse to

are equal partners in events leading up to

External Genital Organs Internal Genital Organs

paired oval testes.

providing a compartment for each testis.

 Among the tubules are cells that produce the

from a network called the pampiniform

testes at their cool homeostatic temperature.

suspended from the perineum, make up the

when it slides distally it forms a cuff called

shortly after birth, a procedure called

corpora cavernosa make up most of the penis

alleys is a yellowish viscous alkaline fluid containing

pigment that fluoresces under UV light, a capability

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