Propellers CPP and FPP

•The controllable pitch propeller (CPP) or swivel blade propeller

•The fixed pitch propeller
Why Use A Controllable Pitch Propeller?

• Today, ships need higher efficiency at the lowermost cost.

• Controllable pitch propellers are particularly suitable for workboats
that require variable propulsion power conditions in terms of speed,
bollard pull, and maneuverability (as in the case of fishing boats, tug
boats, supply vessels and other utility ships, for example).
• They offer numerous technical and economic advantages.
Propellers may be divided into the following two main groups:

• )  Fixed pitch propeller (FP propeller)

•  Controllable pitch propeller (CP propeller
 Fixed pitch propeller (FP propeller)

• Propellers of the FP type are cast in one block and normally made of a
copper alloy. The position of the blades, and thereby the propeller
pitch, is once and for all fixed, with a given pitch that can not be
changed in operation. This means that when operating in, for example,
heavy weather conditions, the propeller performance curves, i.e. the
combination of power and speed (r/min) points, will change according
to the physical laws, and the actual propeller curve cannot be changed
by the crew. Most ships that do not need particularly good
maneuverability are equipped with an FP propeller. 
Controllable pitch propeller (CP propeller)
• Propellers of the CP type have a relatively larger hub compared with
the FP propellers because the hub has to have space for a hydraulically
activated mechanism for control of the pitch (angle) of the blades. The
CP propeller is relatively expensive, maybe up to 3-4 times as
expensive as a corresponding FP propeller. Furthermore, because of
the relatively larger hub, the propeller
efficiency is slightly lower. 
Controllable pitch propeller (CP propeller
• CP propellers are mostly used for Ro-Ro ships, shuttle tankers and
similar ships that require a high degree of manoeuvrability. For
ordinary ships like container ships, bulk carriers and crude oil tankers
sailing for a long time in normal sea service at a given ship speed, it
will, in general, be a waste of money to install an expensive CP
propeller instead of an FP propeller. Furthermore, a
CP propeller is more complicated, involving a higher risk of problems
in service
Advantages Of A Controllable Pitch Propeller

• Among the advantages of a controllable pitch propeller, here are the major ones:
• Higher propulsion efficiency than with a fixed pitch propeller, optimising speed and bollard pull
performances.
• Better maneuverability: passing from “ahead” to “reverse” occurs smoothly and without dead time,
simply through propeller pitch inversion. The very short response time while maintaining full power
ensures higher safety for the ship and crew, and considerably reduces the stopping distance of the vessel.
• More efficient use of the diesel engine: 100 % engine power remain available at the propeller in every
situation (cruising, trawling, maneuvering, etc.) What is more, a CPP allows constant operation of the
engine at its nominal speed, thereby reducing significantly the fuel consumption, maintenance cost, and
clutch disc wear.
• Advantage of power take-off drives fitted to the transmission With the engine at constant speed, the
clutch-type PTO can drive pumps (for instance) for on-board machinery. So-called “live” permanent-
drive PTOs may move alternators. In this way, the power requirement, the cost, fuel consumption and
space requirement of auxiliary engines can be cut down.
What are the different parts of a propeller ship?

• Propellers are typically made up of two parts: the blades and the hub.
And both of these parts have their own sub-sets of parts. Propellers are
usually either fixed-pitch or controllable-pitch, and both systems
generally share the same parts, although they work in different
ways.Jan 18, 2021
What is a propeller of a ship?

• propeller, device with a central hub and radiating blades placed so

that each forms part of a helical (spiral) surface. By its rotation in
water or air, a propeller produces thrust owing to aerodynamic or
fluid forces acting upon the blades and gives forward motion to a ship
or aircraft.
What are the different types of screw propellers?

• A screw propeller may be generally classified as either fixed pitch or

controllable pitch. The pitch of a fixed-pitch propeller cannot be
altered during the operation. The pitch of a controllable-pitch
propeller can be changed at any time, subject to bridge or
engineroom control.
What is fixed pitch propeller in ship?

• Propeller, Types of Propellers and Construction of Propellers

• Fixed Pitch Propeller

• The fixed pitch type propellers are cast and the position of the blades
and hence the position of the pitch is permanently fixed and cannot
be changed during the operation. They are normally made from
copper alloy.
Fixed Pitch Propellers 
Controllable pitch Propeller
Controllable pitch Propeller
If you look at a propeller axially, you will notice a twist in the propeller blade along
the length of the propeller hub. It is this twist in the blade that results in the forward
motion of the propeller with each rotation.
CONTROLLABLE PITCH PROPELLER
CONTROLLABLE PITCH PROPELLER
FIXED PITCH PROPELLER