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Automated Guided Vehicle

The document discusses automated guided vehicles (AGVs) which are self-propelled vehicles that transport materials along defined pathways. There are three main types of AGVs - driverless automated guided trains for heavy payloads over long distances, pallet trucks that carry and elevate loads using forks, and unit load carriers that move units between stations using powered rollers or lifts. AGVs use various navigation methods like lasers, magnetic tapes/spots, or vision to follow their routes and have applications in storage, distribution, assembly lines, and manufacturing. Safety features include emergency bumpers, obstacle detection, and warnings to alert humans.

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156 views14 pages

Automated Guided Vehicle

The document discusses automated guided vehicles (AGVs) which are self-propelled vehicles that transport materials along defined pathways. There are three main types of AGVs - driverless automated guided trains for heavy payloads over long distances, pallet trucks that carry and elevate loads using forks, and unit load carriers that move units between stations using powered rollers or lifts. AGVs use various navigation methods like lasers, magnetic tapes/spots, or vision to follow their routes and have applications in storage, distribution, assembly lines, and manufacturing. Safety features include emergency bumpers, obstacle detection, and warnings to alert humans.

Uploaded by

SRI RAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automated Guided Vehicle

(AGV)
Material Handling
Material handling is defined by material handling industry of America,

“The movement,protection,storage and control of materials


and products throughout the process of manufacture and
distribution,consumption and disposal”
Material Transport Equipment
The Five major categories of material transport equipments are:
Industrial Trail trucks,
Automated Guided Vehicle,
Rail guided vehicle,
Conveyors,
Cranes and Hoists
AGV
• An Automated guided Vehicle is the self propelled vehicles guided
along the defined pathways.It is powered by on-board batteries for
long hours(8 to 16 hours)
• The AGV was classified in to three major types:
 Driverless Automated Guided Train,
 Pallet Trucks,
 Unit Load Carrier.
Driverless Automated Trains

The Driverless Automated Trains was used to transport the heavy payloads to
long distances in factories or warehouses.
Pallet trucks

The pallet trucks was carring the load and elevate it using the fork to place it in a
correct sequence.
Unit Load Carriers

The load carriers are employed to move the units from one station to another station by the use
of Powered rollers,Mechanized lift platforms or moving belts.
The most common AGV navigation method:
• Laser Guided Navigation (LGV). 

• Magnetic Tape Navigation AGVs

• Natural Navigation AGV - Free Navigation

• Magnetic Spots Navigation

• Wire navigation    

• Optical Navigation   

• Vision Navigation
AGVS APPLICATIONS
• Driverless train operations
• Storage distribution
• Assembly line applications
• Flexible manufacturing systems
RAIL GUIDED VEHICLES
• This material transport equipment consists of motorized vehicles that
are guided by a fixed rail system. The rail system consists of either one
rail, called a monorail, or two parallel rails .
• In rail-guided vehicle systems using parallel fixed rails, the tracks
generally protrude up from the floor.
• Unlike AGVs, which are powered by their own on-board batteries,
rail-guided vehicles pick up electrical power from an electrified rail.
• This relieves the vehicle from periodic recharging of its battery;
however, the electrified rail system introduces a safety hazard not
present in an AGVS
RGV
VEHICLE SAFETY
• The safety of humans located along the pathway is an important objective in AGVS operations.
• An inherent safety feature of an AGV is that its traveling speed is slower than the normal walking
pace of a human.
• With the aim to make AGVs safer for wide industrial and commercial use, there are certain safety
rules and AGV safety standards that all AGVs must comply with.
• AGVs generally run smoothly and predictable, however on the rare occasion something doesn’t
work properly, the safety system will halt the vehicle.
• Automatic stopping of the vehicle if it strays more than a short distance, typically 50–150 mm (2–
6 in), from the guide path; the distance is referred to as the vehicle’s acquisition distance.
• Obstacle detection is used on each vehicle to ensure safety and this prevents the vehicle from
running into buildings
5 KEY RULE FOR AGV SAFETY
While AGVs are built with a safety-first mindset, there are still some basic rules that every facility should educate their team on to
help ensure a high level of safety.

Rule #1: Keep travel routes clear.


This is both a safety and efficiency issue. As mentioned above, AGVs use sensors for obstacle detection while they drive their
routes. That said, not removing debris and obstacles in the route is inefficient and potentially dangerous for your equipment and
your team.

Rule #2: Never walk directly in front of an AGV on its travel route.
While AGVs are equipped with safety solutions, it’s always best practice to stay out of their paths when they’re on their route.

Rule #3: Always allow AGVs the right of way.


AGVs are following their automated functions throughout the day, so let them do what they’re supposed to do and provide them the
right of way during daily operations to maximize their efficiency.

Rule #4: Always stay out of the “danger zone”.


This rule holds true for any lift truck, so of course it is true for AGVs as well. When an AGV is handling a load, you’ll always want
to steer clear of the travel route and the surrounding hazardous areas.

Rule #5: Raised objects may not be recognized.


While the safety systems and laser scanners in place on AGVs provide for reliable operation and object detection, they may not
always detect objects raised high off the ground. Therefore, it’s especially important that raised objects are kept out of the path of
AGVs. Learn more about the safety systems of  AGV forklifts in the video below. 
SAFETY DEVICE USED IN AGV
• A safety device included on virtually all commercial AGVs is an
emergency bumper.
• The bumper surrounds the front of the vehicle and protrudes ahead of it
by the distance of 300 mm (12 in) or more.
• When the bumper makes contact with an object, the vehicle is
programmed to brake immediately.
• Depending on the speed of the vehicle, its load, and other conditions, the
distance the vehicle needs to come to a complete stop will vary from
several inches to several feet.
• Most vehicles are programmed to require manual restarting after an
obstacle has been encountered by the emergency bumper.
• Other safety devices on a typical vehicle include warning lights (blinking
or rotating lights) and/or warning bells, which alert humans that the
vehicle is present

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