Module 1

NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learners should be able to:
• Identify Fibonacci sequence in nature;
• Determine the nth term of a Fibonacci sequence;
• Examine the nature and relationship of numbers in a sequence;
• Determine the nth term of a number sequence; and
• Generate a pattern to form a number sequence.
 Numbers and Patterns
SEQUENCE
 A list of numbers which form a pattern
 Finite or Infinite
- Finite Sequence has definite number of terms.
(ex. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
- Infinite Sequence is an endless progression of
discrete objects, especially numbers.
(ex. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …)
 Numbers and Patterns
NUMBER PATTERNS
 Described by examining how the terms are being generated
 A list of numbers in which a constant number is added to get
the succeeding terms.
 For other sequences, the terms are increasing because the
number to be added is increasing in a predictable way.
 There are number patterns whose terms are decreasing,
because the number to be added is decreasing in an
expected way.
EXAMPLES OF SEQUENCE
REPEATING
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, …

+10 +10 +10 +10 +10

GROWING/ INCREASING
14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 29, …

+1 +2 +3 +4 +5
SHRINKING
118, 98, 73, 43, 8, -32, …
-20 -25 -30 -35 -40
 TRY!!!

1. 100, 78, 54, 28, 0, … Shrinking

2. 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, … Repeating
3. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, … Growing/ Increasing
4. 36, 43.5, 51, 58.5, 66, … Repeating
5. 7, 10, 15, 22, 31, … Growing/ Increasing
EXAMPLES

What are the next 3 terms of the following sequence?

Identify what kind of sequence are they.

a. 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 Growing/ increasing

b. 10 9 7 4 0 -5 -11 -18 -26 -35 Shrinking
c. -4 3 10 17 24 31 38 45 52 Repeating
ACTIVITY: COUNT ON ME!!!
1 2 3 5

1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34

FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

8 13 21 34
 FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
 Named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo Pisano Bogollo,
who was better known by his nickname Fibonacci
 Any array of numbers that given two terms, the next term is
determined by adding the given terms.
 FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
Term 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Term
number 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
() 55
… 89
…

FORMULA: = Find the 10th Term Find the 11th Term

= =
Where: =
=
= Fibonacci Number =
=
= The Previous Term = 55 + 34
= 34 + 21
= The Term before = 89
= 55
EXAMPLES OF FINDING THE nth TERM OF THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

𝑭 𝒏 = 𝑭 𝒏 − 𝟏+ 𝑭 𝒏 −𝟐

1. Given 4 6 10 16 26
Find the next 3 terms.

2. Given 3 3 6 9 15

Find the next 3 terms.

 EXAMPLES OF FINDING THE nth TERM OF THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

( ) (( ) ( ) )
𝑛 𝑛
1 1+ √ 5 1 −√5
𝐹𝑛= −
√5 2 2
Find ,

Find Through listing, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21

WE CAN FIND PATTERNS ON

Copperband
Emperor
Emperor
butterflyfish
Angelfish
Angelfish
TYPES OF PATTERNS
 TYPES OF PATTERNS

A. SYMMETRY
 a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion of
balance or an object is invariant to any various
transformations (reflection, rotation or scaling.)
 a shape is said to symmetric if it can be divided into
two more identical pieces which are placed in an
organized way
TYPES OF SYMMETRY

a. Bilateral Symmetry
The left and right sides of
the organism can be
divided into approximately
mirror image of each other
along the midline.
Line of Symmetry
TYPES OF SYMMETRY
b. Radial Symmetry (or
Rotational Symmetry)
A symmetry around a fixed
point known as the center and
it can be classified as either
cyclic or dihedral.

Cyclic – w/ rotational symmetry

but NO reflective
Dihedral – w/ rotational and
reflective symmetry
 TYPES OF PATTERNS
B. FRACTALS
 Fractals are infinitely complex patterns that are self-
similar across different scales
 a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has
the same statistical character as the whole
 The exact same shape is replicated in a process
called “self similarity.”
EXAMPLES OF FRACTAL
EXAMPLES OF FRACTAL
 TYPES OF PATTERNS

C. SPIRALS
 is a curved pattern that focuses on a center point and a
series of circular shapes that revolve around it.
 a self-similar spiral curve which often appears in nature
EXAMPLES OF SPIRALS
MATHEMATICS
IS
EVERYWHERE!