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RDBMS3

The document describes a three level database system architecture consisting of an external, conceptual, and internal level. The external level describes the user's view of the database. The conceptual level defines the overall database design and schema. The internal level describes how data is physically stored and organized in storage devices.

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kaniksha sharma
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23 views13 pages

RDBMS3

The document describes a three level database system architecture consisting of an external, conceptual, and internal level. The external level describes the user's view of the database. The conceptual level defines the overall database design and schema. The internal level describes how data is physically stored and organized in storage devices.

Uploaded by

kaniksha sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Three Level Database System

Architecture, Schemas and


Instances
SCHEMA
• Design of a database is called the schema.
• A schema shows an overall structure into which the
values of all data items are fitted.
• A schema is defined during the design phase and
remains the same over a long period of time but the
values fitted into this plan or design changes from
instance to instance.
• Consider a Sales record database consisting of
three files ITEM, CUSTOMER and SALES. These
three files are the schema of the database.
• ITEM
Item_ID Item_Desc Item_Cost

• CUSTOMER
Cust_ID Cust_Name Cust_Addr Cust_Balance

• SALES
Cust_ID Item_ID Item_Qty Item_Cost
SUBSCHEMA
• A subset of the schema is called a subschema.
• It inherits the same properties as that of a
schema.
• As in the previous example related to Sales
record , the subschema CUST_SALES relation
which is derived from Customer and Sales
schemas
Cust_ID Cust_Na Cust_Bal Item_ID Item_Qt Item_cos
me ance y t
INSTANCES
• An Instance of the database also known as
database state is the data in the database at
any point of time.
• Every time any modification ( update, insert or
delete opertaion ) is performed on the
database, the database changes from one
state to another.
CUST_ID CUST_NAME CUST_ADDR CUST_BALANCE

26101 Amit 41, Ranjeet Avenue, 21350


Asr

26102 Deep 45, Basant Avenue, 123456


Asr

26103 Raman 67, Green Field, Asr 34456

Instances of Customer Relation


THREE LEVEL DATABASE SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
This architecture has three levels:
1. External level ( View Level)
2. Conceptual level (Logical Level)
3. Internal level ( Storage Level)

1. External Level:

• It is also called view level.


• Highest Level of Three Level DBMS architecture.
• This level describes the user’s view of the database. In this
level, only those portions of the database are described that are
relevant to the user or application program and hides the rest of
the database details.
• The user doesn’t need to know the database schema
details such as data structure, table definition etc. user
is only concerned about data which is what returned
back to the view level after it has been fetched from
database (present at the internal level).
• For Example: Employees in the college library will
not usually view fee details of the database as they
are more interested in information such as book
issued or books returned.
• External level is the “top level” of the Three Level
DBMS Architecture.
• There may exist a number of different external
schemas of the database
2. Conceptual Level:
• It is also called logical level. The whole design of the
database such as relationship among data, schema of
data etc. are described in this level.
• Database constraints and security are also
implemented in this level of architecture. This level is
maintained by DBA (database administrator).
• It is represented as the middle level in the three level
architecture.
• There is only single conceptual schema per database
3. Internal Level:
• This level is also known as physical level.
• This level describes how the data is actually stored in the storage devices
and describes the data structures used by the database.
• This level is also responsible for allocating space to the data. This is the
lowest level of the architecture.
• There is only one internal schema per database.

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