HUMAN RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

BSED 3H May 18, 2022

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 Understanding the
School as an
Organization

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

What is an Organization?
“Organization may be defined
as a GROUP of individuals,
large of small, that is
cooperating under the
direction of executive
leadership in accomplishment
of certain common objects.”
(Keith Davis)
What is an Organization?
“An organization is a system of
consciously coordinated activities.
A leader’s role is to create a an
atmosphere where there is
coherence between values and
purpose.” (Chester Barnard, 1968.
Management Theorist)
What is an Organization?

"Organization is the process of

identifying and grouping the work to
be performed, defining and delegating
responsibility and authority, and
establishing relationships for the
purpose of enabling people to work
most effectively together in
accomplishing objectives. “ (Louis A.
Allen)
Public Organization
•Organizations that carry out tasks in
behalf of society.
1.Have leaders elected by popular vote.
2.Balances different interests in a way that
pleases everyone.
3.Do not operate from a free and
competitive market.
• Christensen, Laegreid,Roness, and Rovik. Organization Theory
and the Public Sector:
• Instrument, culture and myth (Routledge, 2007)
 What is Organizational Structure?
-Defines the scope of acceptable behavior within
an organization, its lines of authority and
accountability, and to some extent, the
organization’s relationship with its external
environment
-Shows the pattern or arrangement of jobs and
groups of jobs within organization and yet it is
more than an organization chart
-Pertains to both reporting and operational
relationships.
 What is Organization Design?

-the process of aligning an organization's structure

with its mission.
-looking at the complex relationship between tasks,
workflow, responsibility and authority, and making sure
these all support the objectives of the business.
Organization Design Principles
The 7-S model can be used in a wide
variety of situations where an alignment
perspective is useful, for example, to help
you:

•Improve the performance of a company.

•Examine the likely effects of future
changes within a company.
•Align departments and processes during
a merger or acquisition.
•Determine how best to implement a
proposed strategy.
 SWOT ANALYSIS
•S.W.O.T. is an
acronym for Strengths,
Weaknesses,
Opportunities and
Threats.

•The SWOT Analysis is

an approach used to
diagnose the current
state of an
organization.
Sample SWOT ANALYSIS
 PESTLE Analysis
 Political, Economic, Socio-cultural ,
Technological, Legal, Environmental issues that
affect the strategic development of an
organization
 useful way of summarizing the external
environment in which businesses and organizations
operate
 must be followed up by consideration of how an
organization or business responds to these
influences
 POLITICAL/ LEGAL
What changes are happening in How will business regulation, along
government or region? with any planned changes to it, affect
Who are the most likely contenders your business? And is there a trend
for power? What are their views on towards regulation or deregulation?
business /education policy, and on How does government approach
other policies that affect your corporate policy, corporate social
organization? responsibility, environmental issues,
How widespread are corruption and and customer/child protection
organized crime? How are these legislation? What impact does this
situations likely to change, and how is have, and is it likely to change?
this likely to affect you? What is the likely timescale of
Could any pending legislation or proposed legislative changes?
taxation changes affect your business, Are there any other political factors
either positively or negatively? that are likely to change?
 ECONOMIC/ENVIRONMENTAL
How stable is the current What are the current
economy in the region? Is it businesses/establishments in the
growing, stagnating, or declining? locality?
Are customers’ (parents/LGU Are there any other economic
officials, NGOs, etc) levels of factors that you should consider?
disposable income rising or falling? What infrastructure (buildings,
How is this likely to change in the roads, transport systems, etc) are
next few years? being planned in the next few
What is the unemployment rate? years? How can this impact your
Will it be easy to look for skilled organization?
workforce? Or will it be expensive
to hire skilled labor?
 SOCIO-CULTURAL
What is the population's growth rate What social attitudes and social
and age profile? How is this likely to taboos could affect your organization?
change? Have there been recent socio-cultural
Are generational shifts in attitude changes that might affect this?
about education likely to affect what How do religious beliefs and lifestyle
you're doing? choices affect the population?
What are your society's levels of Are any other socio-cultural factors
health, education, and social mobility? likely to drive change for your
How are these changing, and what organization?
impact does this have? How are the IPs, marginalized
What employment patterns, job sectors in society, etc. affecting your
market trends, and attitudes toward organization?
work can you observe in your locality?
Are these different for different age
groups?
 TECHNOLOGICAL
Are there any new technologies that In which areas do governments
you could be using? and educational institutions focus
their technological investments? Is
Are there any new technologies on there anything you can do to take
the horizon that could radically affect advantage of this?
your work or your organization? (WiFi
connectivity,telecommunication
systems) Are there any other technological
factors that you should consider?
Do any of your competitors have
access to new technologies that could
redefine their school?
 S M A R T
SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ATTAINABLE REALISTIC TIME-BOUND
What do you How will you Is it in your Can you When exactly
want to do know when power to realistically do you want to
specifically? you’ve accomplish it? achieve it? accomplish it?
reached it?

AVOID
G L O B E
GENERAL LOOSE OBSOLETE BIG WORDS ELASTIC
18
ACTIVITY
Make a SWOT analysis on the
relationship between the
school heads and teachers.
Jay Arr V. Sangoyo, Ph.D.