TRIGONOMETRY

TRIGONOMETRY
• TRIGONOMETRY IS THE BRANCH OF MATHEMATICS WHICH DEALS WITH TRIANGLES,
PARTICULARLY TRIANGLES IN A PLANE WHERE ONE ANGLE OF THE TRIANGLE IS 90 DEGREE.
• TRIGONOMETRY IS DERIVED FROM GREEK WORDS:

• TRIGONOMETRY SPECIFICALLY DEALS WITH RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SIDES AND THE
ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE.
 TYPES OF TRIANGLE

• EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
• A TRIANGLE IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE WHEN ALL THREE SIDES
HAVE THE SAME LENGTH.

• ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
• WHEN TWO SIDES OF A TRIANGLE ARE EQUAL OR CONGRUENT, THEN IT IS CALLED AN
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE.

• SCALENE TRIANGLE
• WHEN NONE OF THE SIDES OF A TRIANGLE ARE EQUAL, IT IS CALLED A SCALENE TRIANGLE.
 TYPES OF TRIANGLE

• ACUTE TRIANGLE
• WHEN ALL THE ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE ARE ACUTE, THAT IS, THEY MEASURE LESS THAN
90°, IT IS CALLED AN ACUTE-ANGLED TRIANGLE OR ACUTE TRIANGLE.

• RIGHT TRIANGLE
• WHEN ONE OF THE ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE IS 90°, IT IS CALLED A RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
OR RIGHT TRIANGLE.

• OBTUSE TRIANGLE
• WHEN ONE OF THE ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE IS AN OBTUSE ANGLE, THAT IS, IT MEASURES
GREATER THAN 90°, IT IS CALLED AN OBTUSE-ANGLED TRIANGLE OR OBTUSE TRIANGLE.
TYPES OF TRIANGLE
 RIGHT TRIANGLE
• A TRIANGLE IN WHICH ONE ANGLE IS EQUAL TO 90 DEGREE IS CALLED A RIGHT
ANGLED TRIANGLE.
• THE SIDE OPPOSITE TO THE RIGHT ANGLE IS KNOWN AS HYPOTENUSE.
• THE OTHER TWO SIDES ARE KNOWN AS LEGS OR BASE.
 PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

• IN ANY RIGHT TRIANGLE, THE AREA OF THE SQUARE WHOSE SIDE IS THE HYPOTENUSE
IS EQUAL TO THE SUM OF THE AREAS OF THE SQUARES WHOSE SIDES ARE THE TWO
LEGS.
2 2 2
𝑎 +𝑏 =𝑐
• WHERE “A” AND “B” ARE THE BASE AND THE LEGS, AND “C” IS THE HYPOTENUSES.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
SOHCAHTOA
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
 EXAMPLE PROBLEM
• FIND THE SIDES AND THE ANGLE OF THE TRIANGLE
 RADIAN

• A RADIAN IS THE MEASURE OF AN ANGLE THAT, WHEN DRAWN AS A CENTRAL ANGLE

• RADIAN TO DEGREE
• THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR CONVERTING FROM RADIANS TO DEGREES IS SIMPLY
MULTIPLY THE NUMBER OF DEGREE BY .
 CONVERSION

• DEGREE TO RADIAN
• THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR CONVERTING FROM DEGREES TO RADIANS IS TO SIMPLY
MULTIPLY THE NUMBER OF DEGREES BY.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND
ANGLE OF DEPRESSION
 ANGLE OF ELEVATION

• IF A PERSON STANDS AND LOOKS UP AT AN OBJECT, THE ANGLE OF ELEVATION IS THE

• IF A PERSON STANDS AND LOOKS DOWN AT AN OBJECT, THE ANGLE OF DEPRESSION IS

• A MAN IS 1.8 M TALL. HE STANDS 50 M AWAY FROM THE BASE OF A BUILDING. HIS ANGLE OF
ELEVATION TO THE TOP OF THE BUILDING IS 70°.CALCULATE THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING?
• A TOWER CASTS A SHADOW THAT IS 60 FEET LONG WHEN THE ANGLE OF ELEVATION OF THE SUN IS
65˚. HOW TALL IS THE TOWER?
• FROM THE TOP OF A 72 M HIGH VERTICAL CLIFF, A BOAT HAS AN ANGLE OF DEPRESSION OF 32°. HOW
FAR IS THE BOAT FROM THE BASE OF THE CLIFF?
• A LADDER 9 M LONG IS PLACED AGAINST A BUILDING. THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE LADDER AND THE
GROUND IS 65◦. HOW HIGH UP IS THE TOP OF THE LADDER?
• FROM A HOT AIR BALLOON THAT IS 4000 FT HIGH, THE ANGLES OF DEPRESSION TO TWO HOUSES, IN
LINE WITH THE BALLOON, ARE 47◦ AND 32◦ HOW FAR APART ARE THE HOUSES?
• KELLY IS FLYING A KITE TO WHICH THE ANGLE OF ELEVATION IS 70˚. THE STRING ON
THE KITE IS 65 METERS LONG. HOW FAR IS THE KITE ABOVE THE GROUND?
• A RAMP IS ATTACHED TO A LOADING DOCK, AND THE RAMP MAKES A 24O ANGLE WITH
THE GROUND. IF THE LOADING DOCK IS 6 FEET HIGH, HOW LONG IS THE RAMP?
• THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT IS 555 FEET TALL. IF AN OBSERVER IS STANDING 300
FEET FROM THE BASE OF THE MONUMENT, FIND THE ANGLE OF ELEVATION FROM THE
VIEWPOINT OF THE OBSERVER AS HE SIGHTS THE TOP OF THE MONUMENT