INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC

DESIGN
By: Prince Adeniyi Sunday Adegoroye
 What is Graphic Design?

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 What is Graphic Design?

What is Graphic Design?

Types of Graphic Design

• image based design
• type based design
• image and type design
• symbols, logos and logotypes

The Graphic Design Process

• briefing
• design
• artwork
• production

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 What is Graphic Design?
Suppose you want to announce or sell something, inform or persuade someone,
explain a complicated system or demonstrate a process. In other words, you have
a message you want to communicate. How do you “send” it? You could tell people
one by one or broadcast by radio or loudspeaker. That’s verbal communication.

But if you use any visual medium at all—if you make a poster; type a letter; create
a business logo, a magazine ad, or an album cover; even make a computer printout —
you are using a form of visual communication called graphic design.

Album
s
Letter Covers
B u s in e s s
C ar d s
Packaging
s
P o s te r
Magazi
Book ne
Logos Ad
Covers
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 What is Graphic Design?

Graphic designers work withdrawn, painted, photographed, or computer-generated

images, but they also design the letterforms that make up various typefaces found in
movie credits and TV ads; in books, magazines, and menus; and even on computer
screens.

Designers create, choose, and organize these elements—typography, images,

and the so-called “whitespace” around them—to communicate a message.

Graphic design is a part of your daily life. From humble things like gum wrappers to
huge things like billboards, to the T-shirt you’re wearing, graphic design informs,
persuades, organizes, stimulates, locates, identifies, attracts attention and provides
pleasure.

Graphic design is a creative process that combines art and technology to communicate
ideas. The designer works with a variety of communication tools in order to convey a
message from a client to a specific audience. The main tools are image and typography.

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 Types of Graphic Design:

Image-based design

Designers develop images to represent the ideas their clients want to communicate.
Images can be incredibly powerful and compelling tools of communication,
conveying not only information but also moods and emotions. People respond to
images
instinctively based on their personalities, associations, and previous experience.
For example, you know that a chili pepper is hot, and this knowledge in combination
with the image creates a visual pun.

Chili’s restaurant recently changed their logo from type-based, to image-based.

In the case of image-based design, the images must carry the entire message; there
are few if any words to help. These images may be photographic, painted, drawn, or
graphically rendered in many different ways. Image-based design is employed when
the designer determines that, in a particular case, a picture is indeed worth a thousand

words.
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 Image-based
design: examples

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 Types of Graphic Design:
Type-based design
In some cases, designers rely on words to convey a message, but they use words
differently from the ways writers do. To designers, what the words look like is as
important as their meaning. The visual forms of the letters, whether typography or
handmade lettering, perform many communication functions. They can grab your
attention on a poster, identify the product name on a package or a truck, or present
running text as the typography in a book does. Designers are experts at presenting
information in a visual form in print or on film, packaging, or signs.

What is Typography?

Simply put typography is the art of print. In our daily lives we are

t
constantly surrounded by it. As simple as it may seem typography
subtly combines communicative and artistic elements to create a
print that is both pleasing and easy to read. Designers achieve this
by selecting the right fonts, lettering and print types. In order to be
successful it must complete two basic roles: clearly communicate the
intended message and do so in a visually effective way that is both
artistic and attractive.
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Type-based design: examples

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 Type-based
design: examples

Moving type-based design

Family Guy: www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDYq7_yHLYk

Harry Potter : www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IrZ19ksAzU

The Dark Knight : www. youtube. com/ watch? v = ZPrYbPFrFk4

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 Types of Graphic Design:

Image and Type design

Designers often combine images and typography to communicate a client’s message
to an audience. In fact, the majority of graphic design is the combination of images with
typography. Designers explore the creative possibilities presented by words
(typography) and images (photography, illustration, and fine art). It is up to the designer
not only to
find or create appropriate letterforms and images but also to establish the best balance
between them.

images + typography = graphic

photography typefaces design
illustration fonts
fine art PsunnyDigital Resources Page
 Image and type
design: examples

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 Types of Graphic Design:

Symbols, logos and logotypes

Symbols and logos are special, highly condensed information forms or identifiers.

Symbols are an abstract representation of a particular idea or identity. The CBS “eye”
logo is a symbolic form, which we learn to recognize as representing a particular concept
or company.

Logotypes are corporate identifications based on a special typographical word treatment.

Some logos are combinations of symbol and logotype.

In order to create these identifiers, the designer must have a clear vision of the corporation
or idea to be represented and of the audience to which the message is directed.

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 Symbols: examples
Symbols: an abstract representation of an idea or identity.

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 Logos: examples
Logo: a symbol that may be a combination of image and type

The most successful logos are the ones

that become symbols themselves. Usually
thee s re m o v e nce
o the logo becomes
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 Logotype:
examples
Logotype: a symbol composed of type only.

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So What is Graphic Design?

Graphic Design is

Visual
Communication
How does graphic design work?

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 What is Graphic
Design?
How design works:
Designers are the link between the client and the audience. On the one hand, a client
is often too close to the message to understand various ways in which it can be presented.
Graphic designers learn how to construct a message and how to present it successfully.
They work with the client to understand the content and the purpose of the message.
They often collaborate with market researchers and other specialists to understand the
nature of the audience. Once a design concept is chosen, the designers work with
illustrators and photographers as well as with typesetters and printers or other production
specialists to create the final design product. market research
client how to reach the intended audience?
what do they respond to? how can we
attract their attention?
has a product or
message to “sell” brainstorm
experiment with different images,
typefaces, illustrations, etc.

designer audience
has the skills to edit, organize, do they “get” it?
and arrange given information
into a creative and visually do they “ buy” it?
pleasing solution
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 What is Graphic Design?

The design process:

A good graphic design process is structured around ensuring the client gets the highest
quality solution and service appropriate to their business, marketing or communication
problem. There are four major steps involved in the graphic design process.

1. Briefing
2. Design
3. Artwork
4. Production

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 The Design Process:

1. Briefing
The briefing stage is usually the initial conversation or consultation between the
client and the designer. It usually covers the following areas or concerns:

Basic Overview Technical Overview

• project objectives • size specs
• intended audience • corporate identity guidelines
• expected outcome • production files
• timing / deadline
• budget / cost
• designer’s quote

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 The Design Process:

2. Design
The design stage is the most time-consuming area and requires a lot of trial and
error as well as a lot of back and forth communication between designer and client.
It is usually carried out in the following stages:

1 2 3
Development Presentation Refinement
designer reviews the brief designer presents visual the designer makes the
and develops several solutions and explains changes requested and
concepts and preliminary design decisions to client. fine tunes the material
designs. Then selects the client offers feedback as required.
most appropriate options and may request changes.
for further development.

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 The Design Process:

3. Artwork
The designer prepares the artwork files and provides a “proof” of what the final
project will look like. This is usually done via email or hardcopy (printed on paper)
The client theneither approves the artwork by signing off on the proof, or marks-up
changes they would like to make. If changes are requested, the designer will
provide a second proof.

What is a proof?

p
A proof is a term used by printing companies that means they
printed a trial version of your artwork so you can look at it and
confirm it is the way you want it.

Some printing companies use the term PDF proof, which is a

proof seen in PDF format. PDF stands for portable document
format and when viewed shows the document exactly how it
will appear if it were printed.
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 The Design Process:

4. Production
Once the artwork has passed final approval from the client, it is said to be ready
to go to production. The designer adds crop marks and makes sure the pantone
colors used in the document are accurate. Some designs may require pantone
“call-outs” to denote each color that is used. The designer will turn all fonts into
outlines, and save the file in multiple formats. (ai, pdf, jpg) then burn them to a
disc if the client has requested this. The designer may also be responsible for
forwarding the production files to a commercial printer or factory. In some cases,
the designer will request a proof from the printer, and passes the proof on to the
client for approval.

example of pantone call-outs:

PMS 2562C PMS 230C PURPLE C PMS 2975C PMS 359C PMS 225C

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 and that is... Graphic Design.

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