Chapter Two lesson plan

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 OBJECTIVES
 After the successful completion of this unit you will be able to:

 Understand the concept of lesson planning.

 Realize the need of planning a lesson.

 Understand the stages involved in lesson planning.

 Describe different approaches of lesson planning.

 Plan a course and a unit.

 Plan weekly and daily lessons.

 Follow steps involved in lesson planning.

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 What is a lesson plan?
 A lesson plan is a detailed plan of the objectives and activities for a
particular class.

 A lesson plan is a road map of the instructions.

 It is an important part of the teaching and learning process.

 A lesson plan reflects what a teacher wants to achieve in each class

and how it will be achieved?

 Planning a lesson helps a teacher to control class time and its

effective use.

 A teacher’s effectiveness is usually judged by the ability to design

and implement instruction that promotes learning.
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Lesson plan……..
 Teaching goals, objectives, teaching methods and
assessment forms all come together in a lesson plan,
which ideally facilitates student learning.
 A good lesson plan contains the description and
application of the instructional methods being used in a
particular class to meet the needs of different learners.
 At the end of the lesson the teacher evaluates how
effective the plan was and makes any additions or
revisions for future use.
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 NEED OF LESSON
PLANNING
 It shows what will be taught and how it will be done effectively
during the class time.

 Teachers require a lesson plan to describe their course of instruction

for one class.

 The lesson plan is necessary to guide the instruction.

 A lesson plan is required to describe the preferences of the, subject

being covered, activities being held in the class, and to ensure the
progress of the students about the lesson being taught to them.

 A well-developed lesson plan reflects the interests and needs of

students.
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 Lesson planning is beneficial for the
teacher in many ways
 It helps in achieving goals and objectives, and same can
be said on the part of the students.
 It helps to get rid of problems or avoid them.
 It gives a reality check of everyday performance.
 It improves the habit and attitude of the students.
 It improves the teaching skills.
 It makes teaching ordinary and easy.
 It makes the teacher organized during teaching.
 It enables the teacher to impart the things the students
can do at the best of their abilities.

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 Elements of lesson planning
 First of all, a teacher need to identify the learning
objectives for the class, then design appropriate
learning activities and develop strategies to obtain
feedback on student learning.
 A successful lesson plan addresses and integrates these
three key components:
 Objectives for student learning
 Teaching/learning activities
 Strategies to check student understanding

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The following figure outline a
Planning of a lesson

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 Stages involved in lesson
planning
A detailed planning of a lesson is emphasized through following stages:
 Pre-Planning Stage
 Designing a Lesson Plan
 The Post-Planning Stage

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Approaches to lesson planning
 There are different styles of lesson planning.

 The common style of lesson planning contains the following

basic elements:
 3-5 lesson objectives
 Content to be covered
 Activities (lecture, group work, problem-solving, etc.)
 Resources and materials needed (including technology)
 Timing
 Out of class work and assessment

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The following classic lesson planning models are most popular in
lesson planning. These are:

1) Gagne’s frame work for instructional development

2) Hunter’s seven steps of lesson planning and

3) The 5 E's lesson planning model

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STEPS IN LESSON PLANNING

 The plans of class room activities to be happened each

day make the teaching effective.
 The teachers go through many steps for planning a lesson.

 Six steps are given below to guide the teachers to

create their first lesson plans.
 Each step is comprised by a set of questions:

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 Outline learning objectives
 The lesson objectives are usefully stated in terms of what
students will achieve at the end of the lesson.
 The first step is to determine as a teacher what you want
students to learn and be able to do at the end of class.
 To help you specify your objectives for student learning,
answer the following questions:
 What is the topic of the lesson?
 What do I want students to learn?
 What do I want them to understand and be able to do at
the end of class?
What do I want them to take away from this particular
lesson? 13
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Outline Learning Objectives…..
 Once you outline the learning objectives for the class
meeting, rank them in terms of their importance. This step
will prepare you for managing class time and completing
the learning objectives. Consider the following questions:
  What are the most important concepts, ideas, or skills I
want students to be able to grasp and apply?
  Why are they important?
  If I ran out of time, which ones could not be omitted?
  Which ones could be skipped?

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 Develop the introduction
 After determining learning objectives and specifying them in
order of their importance, the teacher has to design the specific
activities for the students.
 They may already be familiar with the topic; therefore it is
necessary to gather background information from the students
prior to lesson.
 You may start with a question or activity to assess students’
knowledge of the topic. For example you can ask a question or
take a simple poll: “How many of you have heard about this?
Raise your hand if you have” or ask them to write comments
on paper.

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Develop The Introduction…..
 This additional information can help you to shape the
introduction and learning activities of the new concept.
 Develop a creative introduction to the topic to encourage
thinking. You can use a variety of approaches to engage students
for example, personal anecdote, historical event, real example,
short video clip, practical application, probing question, etc.
following questions may help you in planning your introduction:
  How will I check whether students know anything about the
topic?
 What are some commonly held ideas (or misconceptions) about
this topic that students might be familiar with?
  What will I do to introduce the topic?
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Plan the specific learning activities
(the main body of the lesson)
Prepare several and different examples (ways) to explain the
topic/concept (real-life examples, similarities, visuals, etc.) to catch the
attention of all students. After planning examples and activities for the
lesson, estimate how much time you will spend on each. Manage the
time for different applications or problems, and for the check of
learning and understanding of the students. The following questions
would help you design the learning activities you will use in the class:
 What will I do to explain the topic?
 What will I do to illustrate the topic in a different way?
 How can I engage students in the topic?
 What are some relevant real-life examples, similarities, or situations
that can help students understand the topic?
What will students need to do to help them understand the topic better?
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Plan to check for understanding
 Up till now the topic has been explained with different examples. At this stage you need to check
for student understanding.

 Therefore you are required to plan for how will you know that students are learning? Think about
specific questions you can ask students in order to check for understanding, and write them
down.

 Try to predict the answers to your questions. Decide on whether you want students to respond
orally or in writing. Ask yourself the following questions:

 What questions will I ask students to check for understanding?

 How will students demonstrate that they are following?

 Going back to the list of learning objectives, what activity students can do to check whether each
of those has been completed?

 Decide what kinds of questions will be productive for discussion and what questions might
sidetrack the class. Think about the balance between achieving learning objectives and ensuring
that students understand.
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 Develop a conclusion and a
preview
 Repeat the material covered in class by summarizing the main points of the
lesson. You can do this in a number of ways: you can state the main points
yourself (“Today we talked about…”), you can ask a student to help you
summarize them, or you can even ask all students to write down on a piece of
paper what they think were the main points of the lesson.

 You can review the students’ answers to estimate their understanding of the
topic and then explain anything unclear the following class.

 Conclude the lesson not only by summarizing the main points, but also by
making its link to the next lesson.

 How does the topic relate to the one that’s coming up next?

 This opportunity will increase students’ interest and help them connect the
different ideas within a larger context.
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 Create a realistic timeline
 A realistic timeline will reflect your flexibility and readiness to adapt
to the specific classroom environment. Here are some strategies for
creating a realistic timeline:
 Estimate how much time each of the activities will take, then plan
some extra time for each
 When you prepare your lesson plan, next to each activity indicate how
much time you expect it will take
 Plan a few minutes at the end of class to answer any remaining
questions and to sum up the key points
 Plan an extra activity or discussion question in case you have time left
 Be flexible – be ready to adjust your lesson plan to students’ needs
and focus on what seems to be more productive rather than sticking
to your original plan
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 THE LESSON PLAN
FORMAT
 There are many formats for a lesson plan. Most lesson plans contain
some or all of the following elements, in this order:
  Title of the lesson
  Time required to complete the lesson
  List of required materials
  List of objectives- the objectives may be behavioral objectives
(what the student can do at lesson completion) or knowledge
objectives (what the student knows at lesson completion)
  The set (bridge-in) that focuses students on the lesson's concept
or skills. these include pictures or models and asking leading
questions or recalling the previous lessons
  An instructional component- it describes the sequence of events
included in a lesson. It includes the teacher's instructional input
and guided practice. the students try Compiled to understand new
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The Lesson Plan Format ……..

  Independent practice- this practice allows students to extend

knowledge and skills by them selves
  A summary- the teacher wraps up the discussion and answers to
the students’ questions
  An evaluation component- a test for mastery of the instructed
skills or concepts—such as a set of questions to answer or a set of
instructions to follow
  Analysis component- the teacher reflects on the lesson—such
as what has been achieved/learned, or what needs improvement
  A continuity component – it reviews and relates to the
content from the previous lesson.
 Let us do an activity of planning a lesson on the proper format.

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End of Chapter Two

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