Computer Ports - Cases Power Supply - MOBO

COMPUTER I/O PORTS
USB Port
 USB stands for Universal Serial Bus
 A single USB port in a computer can support up to
127 separate devices with the use of multiport hubs
and daisy-chaining hubs.
 USB devices are hot-swappable.
hot-swappable: users can connect and disconnect

the devices while the computer is powered on.
USB Hub
USB Port Versions and Speeds
Version Speed
1.0 1.5Mbps to 12Mbps
2.0 480Mbps
3.0 5Gbps
Hi-Speed USB SuperSpeed USB

USB Port Types
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) Port
 Serial technology developed by Apple Computer
 Devices include camcorders, cameras, printers, storage
devices, DVD players, CD-R drives, CD-RW drives, tape
drives, film readers, speakers, and scanners
 A single FireWire port in a computer can support up to
63 devices
Serial Port (COM or RS-232)
 can be a 9-pin male D-shell connector or a 25-pin male
D-shell connector (on very old computers)
 used for a variety of devices including serial pointing
devices, external modems, digitizers, printers, PDAs, and
digital cameras.
 Serial ports transmit 1 bit of data at a time
Parallel Port (LPT)
 a 25-pin female D-shell connector
 Originally designed for use with parallel printers
 Used for external CD-ROM and optical drives,
scanners, and removable-media drives connections
Serial and Parallel Port
RJ45 Ethernet Port
 the most common type of connection computers
use in a local area network (LAN)
PS/2 (Mini-DIN) Ports
 connects a keyboard or mouse to a computer
 a six-pin mini-DIN female connector
Audio Mini-Jack
 used by sound cards and motherboard-integrated
sound for speakers, microphone, and line-in jacks.
 Pink: Microphone in
 Light Blue: Line in
 Lime Green: Headphone out
 Brown: Left to Right speaker
 Orange: Subwoofer
 Black: Rear
VGA (Video Graphics Array) Port
 has a three-row 15-pin female connector and

provides analog output to a monitor.
DVI (Digital Visual Interface) Port
 has a 24-pin female connector or a 29-pin female

connector and provides compressed digital output
to a monitor. DVI-I provides both analog and
digital signals. DVI-D provides digital signals only.
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
Port
 (HDMI) has a 19-pin connector and provides

digital video and digital audio signals.
COMPUTER CASE
Describe Computer Case
 contains the framework to support a computer’s
internal components while providing an enclosure
for added protection.
 Computer cases typically are made of plastic, steel,
and aluminum and are available in a variety of
styles.
Choosing a Case
 Form Factor
 Case type
 Number of Drive Bays
 Power supply
 Cooling
 Appearance
 Ease of Assembly and Maintenance
Case Type
Desktop Tower
Today's Computer Case Options
 ATX Desktop:
 ATX Bench Case:
 ATX Mini Tower:
 ATX Mid Tower:
 ATX Full Tower:
 ATX Super Tower:
Installing a Computer Fan
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Describe Power Supplies
 converts alternating-current (AC) into direct-
current (DC) power
 Provide DC voltage to the motherboard, adapters,
and peripheral devices
 Provide cooling and facilitate air flow through the
case
Power Supply Specification
Power Supply Cables
 20 or 24 PIN ATX Power Connector
 Connects to the Motherboard
Power Supply Cables
 4 PIN 12V Power Connector
 Connects to the Motherboard
Power Supply Cables
 SATA Power Connector
 Connects to Hard Disk Drives, Optical Disk
Drives, Solid State Drives
Power Supply Cables
 Difference between SATA and PATA
1. SATA is the current standard while PATA is already obsolete
2. SATA is much faster than PATA
3. SATA is equipped with NCQ while PATA isn’t
4. SATA drives are hot pluggable while PATA drives are not
5. SATA provides an external interface while PATA does not
6. SATA uses smaller cables than PATA
7. PATA uses a slave/master arrangement while SATA does not
Power Supply Cables
 MOLEX Power Connector
 Connects to Hard Disk Drives, Optical Disk
Drives, Case Fan
Power Supply Cables
 6 PIN PCIe Power Connector
 Connects to the Video Card
Power Supply Cables
 8 PIN PCIe Power Connector
 Connects to the Video Card
Power Supply Cables
 Floppy Power Connector
 Connects to Floppy Disk Drives
Power Connector Converters
Non – Standard vs Standard PSU
MOTHERBOARD
Motherboard
 (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard,
system board, planar board or logic board,[1] or
colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit
board (PCB) found in computers and other
expandable systems.
 The main circuit board inside a computer that
connects the different parts of a computer together.
Motherboard
 Other than being the connection headquarters, a
motherboard is also home to the BIOS (Basic
Input/Output System), making it the control center
of your computer as well.
Motherboard
The motherboard BIOS performs hardware checks
whenever your computer powers on and allows you
to access system settings such as:
 view hardware information and status
 change your computer's boot-up device
 manage power settings and savings
 overclock or underclock the CPU and RAM
MOTHERBOARD FORM
FACTORS
Form Factor Comparison Chart
What do Mini-ITX, MicroATX and ATX
Motherboards Have in Common?
 They can support the same CPU

 They run the same graphics cards
 Their back panel ports are similar
MOTHERBOARD PARTS
MAJOR CHIPSETS
Northbridge
 Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).
 Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with
the RAM and graphics card.
 Beginning from Intel Sandy Bridge in 2011, this
motherboard component is no longer present as it
has been integrated within the CPU itself.
Northbridge
Southbridge
 Also known as the Input/Output Controller Hub
(ICH).
 chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with
PCI slots, SATA connectors (hard drives, optical
drives), USB ports (USB devices), Ethernet ports
and on-board audio.
Southbridge
EXPANSION SLOTS
Expansion Slot
 a socket on the motherboard that is used to insert
an expansion card (or circuit board), which
provides additional features to a computer such as
video, sound, advanced graphics, Ethernet or
memory.
PCI
 Peripheral Component Interconnect
 Created in 1994
 A common expansion interface

 32 bit and 64 bit bus width
 Throughput varies by bus version

 133 MB/s (32-bit at 33 MHz)
 266 MB/s (32-bit at 66 MHz or 64-bit at 33 MHz)
 533 MB/s (64-bit at 66 MHz)
PCI 32-bit & 64-bit
PCI 32-bit Expansion Card
PCI 64-bit Expansion Card
PCI Express
 PCI Express
 Also known as PCIe
 (This is not PCI-X)
 Not really a bus in the traditional sense
 Unidirectional serial “lanes”
 Slower devices don’t slow down everyone
 One, Two, Four, Eight, Sixteen, or Thirty-Two
full-duplex lanes
 x1, x2, x4, x8, x16, x32
 “x” is pronounced “by”
PCIe Slots
PCIex1 Card
PCIex16 Graphic Card
AGP
 Accelerated Graphics Port
 Almost always called AGP
 Designed to cover the gap

between PCI and PCI Express
 Difficult to find AGP today
AGP Slot
AGP Graphic Card
AGP & PCIe Card Comparison
MEMORY SLOTS
Memory Slots
 Inserting Random Access Memory (RAM)
Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
 Electrical Contacts are the same on both sides

 32 pin and 72 pin
 Not all SIMMS follow the standard
Dual Inline Memory Module
(DIMM)
 Electrical contacts are different on each side
 64 bit data width
 Package used for SDRAM (168 pins), DDR (184
pins), DDR2/DDR3 (240 pins)
Small Outline DIMM (SO-DIMM)
 68mm x 32mm
 72-pin, 100-pin, 144-pin, 200-pin and 204-pin
versions
 Used mostly in Laptops and mobile devices
CPU SOCKETS
PIN GRID ARRAY (PGA)
LAND GRID ARRAY (LGA)
LGA Processor
ATA CONTROLLERS
PATA or IDE Controller
 Connects to older hard drive disks and optical
drives for data transfer.
SATA Controller
 Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state
drives and optical drives for data transfer.
mSATA Connector
 Connects to a mSATA solid state drive. In most
cases, this SSD is used as cache to speed up hard
disk drives, but it's possible to re-purpose it as a
regular hard drive.
mSATA Connector
mSATA SSD
Floppy Controller
MOTHERBOARD FRONT
PANEL CONNECTORS &
HEADERS
FRONT PANEL CONNECTORS
FRONT PANEL CONNECTORS
USB HEADER
AUDIO HEADER
CMOS Battery
 Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the
real-time clock running.
Fan Headers
 Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and
computer case fans.
MOTHERBOARD
POWER CONNECTORS
ATX Power Connector
 Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a
power supply unit which supplies power to the
motherboard.
ATX 12V Power Connector
 Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power
supply unit which supplies power to the CPU.

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COMPUTER I/O PORTS

hot-swappable: users can connect and disconnect

Hi-Speed USB SuperSpeed USB

 has a three-row 15-pin female connector and

 has a 24-pin female connector or a 29-pin female

 (HDMI) has a 19-pin connector and provides

 They can support the same CPU

 A common expansion interface

 Throughput varies by bus version

 Designed to cover the gap

 Electrical Contacts are the same on both sides

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