Intro To Apache Axis

Antaryami Sahoo
Slides 45 Duration 1 hr
Web
Services Basics Intro to Apache Axis
Web Services Basics What is Web Service? Web Services Architecture Ways to develop Web services XML Messaging XML-RPC SOAP What is WSDL? Development plan for Service Requestor Development plan for Service Provider
Intro
to Apache Axis
What is Apache Axis? Features of Apache Axis Installing Apache Axis
Publishing Web Service through Apache Axis

Walkthrough of deploying and accessing a simple
web service using Apache Axis
A Web Service is any service that

is available over the web uses standardized XML messaging is OS and Programming language independent
There are two ways we can view Web Services architecture

1. Web Service Roles 2. Web Service Protocol Stack
There are three major roles

Service Registry
Logically Centralized directory of services
2) Discover services
1) Register service
Service Requestor
Consumer of the Web Service
3) Invoke service
Service Provider
Provider of the Web Service
Discovery
UDDI
Responsible for centralizing services
Description
WSDL
Responsible for describing the public interface to a specific web service
XML Messaging
XML-RPC,SOAP,XML
Responsible for encoding messages in common XML format
Transport
HTTP,SMTP,FTP,BEEP
Responsible for transporting messages
1. 2.
REST SOAP
REST ( Representative State Transfer) :

In RESTful web services, the emphasis is on simple point-topoint communication over HTTP using plain old XML It uses protocol methods for its operations like :
HTTP CRUD Equivalent :GET read POST update PUT create DELETE delete
A Simple RESTful Service

One example is the stock quote service as a RESTful web service . The request: GET /StockPrice/IBM HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/xml Accept-Charset: utf-8 The response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: nnn <?xml version="1.0"?> <s:Quote xmlns:s="http://example.org/stock-service"> <s:TickerSymbol>IBM</s:TickerSymbol> <s:StockPrice>45.25</s:StockPrice> </s:Quote>
There are two ways of XML Messaging XML-RPC
SOAP
is
a simple protocol that uses XML messages to perform RPC Request are encoded in XML and send via HTTP Response are encoded in XML and received via HTTP is a easiest way to get started with web services
<methodCall> <methodName> com.agram.sayHello </methodName> <params> <param> <value>Java</value> </param> </params> </methodCall>
<methodResponse> <params> <param> <value> <string>Hello Java</string> </value> </param> </params> </ methodResponse >
Simple
Object Access Protocol SOAP is slightly more complicated than the XML-RPC SOAP extended XML-RPC It uses XML namespaces and XML Schemas.
Envelope is like a SOAP Message wrapper for content Header is a optional Envelope element that could contain control information Header Body element includes requests and responses Body element will include Body a Fault element in the event of an error
GET /StockPrice HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: nnn <?xml version="1.0"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:s="http://www.example.org/stock-service"> <env:Body> <s:GetStockQuote> <s:TickerSymbol>IBM</s:TickerSymbol> </s:GetStockQuote> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: nnn

<?xml version="1.0"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:s="http://www.example.org/stock-service"> <env:Body> <s:GetStockQuoteResponse> <s:StockPrice>45.25</s:StockPrice> </s:GetStockQuoteResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
The <Fault> is the standard element for error handling. When present, it is the only child element of the SOAP <Body>. The structure of a fault looks like:
<env:Fault xmlns:m="http://www.example.org/timeouts"> <env:Code> <env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value> <env:Subcode> <env:Value>m:MessageTimeout</env:Value> </env:Subcode> </env:Code> <env:Reason> <env:Text xml:lang="en">Sender Timeout</env:Text> </env:Reason> <env:Detail> <m:MaxTime>P5M</m:MaxTime> </env:Detail> </env:Fault>
Web Services Description Language
An
XML-based language for describing Web Services

what the service does (description)
how to use it (method signatures)

where to find the service
It
does not depend on the underlying protocol But: It is not much human-readable

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Has 6 major elements

definitions defines the name of the web service types describes all the data types that will be transmitted message defines the name of the message that will be transmitted portType defines the operations binding defines how the message will be transmitted service defines where the service is located
6.
Universal Description, Discovery and Integration

http://www.uddi.org UDDI creates a platform-independent, open framework & registry for: Describing services Discovering businesses Integrating business services The UDDI may be less used than predicted, especially on the Internet level
1) Find web service via UDDI
2) Retrieve service description file
3) Create XML-RPC or SOAP client
4) Invoke remote service
1) Create the core functionality
2) Create XML-RPC or SOAP service wrapper
3) Create service description file
4) Deploy service
5) Register new service via UDDI
Axis is essentially a SOAP engine a framework for constructing SOAP processors such as clients , servers, gateways etc - Axis Website
Successor to Apache SOAP It can run as a standalone server
or as an a server that plugs into Servlet engine like Tomcat Automatic WSDL generation for deployed services Java2WSDL to generate WSDL from Java interface WSDL2Java to generate Java classes from WSDL Easy deployment
1) Download Axis Distribution archive from http://xml.apache.org/axis/ - Axis distribution archive contains a web application ( webapps/axis/ directory) for hosting an Axis Server in a web container like Tomcat
2) Deploy Axis Server in the Tomcat 5.X server

a) Copy Axis Web application (webapps/axis directory) to $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps b) Copy jaxrpc.jar (that is provided with Axis distribution) and xerces.jar ( or any other XML parser) to $TOMCAT_HOME/common/lib
jaxrpc.jar and xerces.jar includes classes with java and javax packages and Tomcat does not authorize to load any classes in that package from WEB-INF/ lib directory of the web application.
3) Configure the environment by including these libraries in the CLASSPATH - log4j-core.jar - commons-logging.jar - wsdl4j.jar - jaxrpc.jar - tt.bytecode.jar - xerces.jar ( or any other XML Parser)
1) 2)
Start the Tomcat Web Server Goto http://localhost:8080/axis/

- you should be able to see Apache-Axis start page - if you did not , then the axis is not correctly installed or the web server is not running
3)
Goto http://localhost:8080/axis/happyaxis.jsp
- this test page verifies whether all the needed and optional libraries are present. - Axis will not perform properly until all the needed libraries are present.
The two ways we can publish a web service with Axis are,
1. Instant Deployment Java Web Service (JWS) 2. Custom Deployment Using Web Service Deployment Descriptor ( WSDD)
1.
Code code a simple HelloWorld java class that we want to expose as web service Java2WSDL Generate the WSDL file for the given HelloWorld Interface
2.
3.
WSDL2Java Generate the Server side wrapper class and stubs for easy client access
Deploy deploy the service to apache axis
4.
5.
Client code a simple client that access our HelloWorld Web Service
HelloWorld.java package helloworld; public interface HelloWorld { public String sayHello( String name); }
HelloWorldImpl.java
package helloworld; public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorld {
public String sayHello( String name){ if(name == null) return Hello Everyone; else return Hello + name; }
}
This command will generate the WSDL that Conforms to our interface
% java org.apache.axis.wsdl.Java2WSDL -o hello.wsdl -l http://localhost:8080/axis/services/helloworld -n urn:helloworld -phelloworld" urn:helloworld helloworld.HelloWorld Parameters description -o = Name of the output -l = URL of the web Service -n = Target Namespace for the WSDL -p = Map Java package to namespace Fully Qualified Class Name
This command will generate the wrapper code for deploying the service, as well as client stubs for accessing it.
% java org.apache.axis.wsdl.WSDL2Java -o . -d Session -s -p helloworld.gen hello.wsdl Parameters description -o = Base output Directory -d = Scope of deployment -s = To generate Server-side code too -p = Package to place the code Name of the WSDL
These are the codes that will get generated

1.
HelloWorldSoapBindingImpl.java This is the implementation code for the Web Service HelloWorld.java This is the remote interface HelloWorldService.java This is the service interface HelloWorldServiceLocator.java Helper class to retrieve handler to service HelloWorldSoapBindingSkeleton.java Server-side skeleton code HelloWorldSoapBindingStub.java Client side stub deploy.wsdd axis deployment descriptor undeploy.wsdd deployment descriptor to undeploy the web services from the Axis System
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
HelloWorldSoapBindingImpl package helloworld.gen; import helloworld.HelloWorldImpl; public class HelloWorldSoapBindingImpl implements helloworld.gen.HelloWorld { HelloWorldImpl helloWorld = new HelloWorldImpl(); public String sayHello(String str0) throws java.rmi.RemoteException {
}
}
return helloWorld.sayHello(str0);
1.
Compile the Service Code

% javac helloworld\gen\*.java
2.
Package the code for Axis

% jar cvf hello.jar helloworld/*.class helloworld/gen/*.class % mv hello.jar $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/axis/WEBINF/lib
3.
Deploy the Service using WSDD

% java org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient deploy.wsdd
<admin> Done processing </Done>
package helloworld; Import helloworld.gen.*;
public class HelloWorldTester {

public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception { // Make a service HelloWorldService service = new HelloWorldServiceLocator(); // Now use the service to get a stub to the service helloworld.gen.HelloWorld hello = service.getHelloWorld(); } // Make the actual call System.out.println( hello.sayHello(Java Gurus) );
Web Service

Axis
Roles in Web Services Web Services Protocol Stack Different ways of XML Messaging Development plan for Service Requestor and Provider
Architecture of Axis Features of Apache Axis Installing Apache Axis Different ways of deploying Web Service with Axis Deploying and accessing a simple web service using Apache Axis
Web
Services & Java home http://java.sun.com/j2ee/webservices/index.html Java Web Services tutorial http://java.sun.com/xml/docs.html#tutorials Apache Axis http://xml.apache.org/axis/index.html SOAP 1.1 - http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP WSDL 1.1 - http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl

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Antaryami Sahoo

Services Basics Intro to Apache Axis

What is Apache Axis? Features of Apache Axis Installing Apache Axis

Publishing Web Service through Apache Axis

web service using Apache Axis

A Web Service is any service that

There are two ways we can view Web Services architecture

There are three major roles

Logically Centralized directory of services

Responsible for centralizing services

Responsible for describing the public interface to a specific web service

Responsible for encoding messages in common XML format

Responsible for transporting messages

REST ( Representative State Transfer) :

A Simple RESTful Service

There are two ways of XML Messaging XML-RPC

HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: nnn

Web Services Description Language

XML-based language for describing Web Services

how to use it (method signatures)

Has 6 major elements

Universal Description, Discovery and Integration

1) Find web service via UDDI

2) Retrieve service description file

3) Create XML-RPC or SOAP client

4) Invoke remote service

1) Create the core functionality

2) Create XML-RPC or SOAP service wrapper

3) Create service description file

5) Register new service via UDDI

Successor to Apache SOAP It can run as a standalone server

2) Deploy Axis Server in the Tomcat 5.X server

Start the Tomcat Web Server Goto http://localhost:8080/axis/

These are the codes that will get generated

Compile the Service Code

Package the code for Axis

Deploy the Service using WSDD

package helloworld; Import helloworld.gen.*;

public class HelloWorldTester {

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