Solid Waste Management

WASTE
DISPOSAL
Here is where your JOURNEY begins
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 ATTENDANCE 02 LECTURE
03 BREAK 04 ACTIVITY
● LECTURE
○ •What Are the Problems Related to Solid
and Hazardous Wastes?
○ How Should We Deal with Solid Waste?
TABLE OF
○ •Why Are Refusing, Reducing, Reusing,
and Recycling So Important
○ •What Are the Advantages and
CONTENT
Disadvantages of Burning or Burying Solid
Waste?
○ •How Should We Deal with Hazardous
S
Waste?
○ •How Can We Make the Transition to a
More Sustainable Low-Waste Economy?
INTRODUCTION
Solid waste management refers to the process of collecting,
transporting, treating, and disposing of solid waste generated
by human activities, such as households, commercial
establishments, and industries.
WHAT DO YOU FEEL
IN THIS PICTURE ?
Importance of Environmental Sanitation
It improves the quality of life It eliminates breeding places of

It prevents disease
and health insects and rodents that may be
transmission
carrier of disease
Significance of
sanitary excreta and
sewage disposal
1. Prevention of gross
contamination of water sources
2. Prevention and control of gastro-
intestinal diseases
■ Intestinal parasitism
■ Amoebiasis
■ Typhoid fever
■ Hepatitis A
■ Cholera
Definition of terms
Waste – substances or objects which are disposed of or

are intended to be disposed of or are required to be
disposed of by the provisions of the law
• Disposal – any operation which may lead to resource

recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or
alternative uses
Population
growth
Cause of
Increase in Increase
manufacturing in solid
waste
Urbanization
WASTE CLASSIFICATION
Physical • Solid Waste
State • Liquid Waste
• Non-biodegradable
• Biodegradable
• Infectious
Chemical • Pathological
Property • Radioactive
• Sharp objects
• Chemical
• Pressurized containers
CHARACTERISTICS
OF HUMAN
WASTES
The health
hazards of • Soil Pollution
• Water Pollution
improper • Contamination of Foods
excreta • Propagation of flies
disposal are:
Diseases •
•
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever
Diarrheas and dysenteries
resulting from • Cholera
contamination •
•
Hook worm and other intestinal parasitic diseases
Viral hepatitis
are: • Poliomyelitis and other viral infections
KINDS OF WASTES
1. Solid wastes Liquid Wastes
• Plastics • Domestic washings
• Styrofoam containers • Chemicals
• Bottles • Oils
• Scrap metals • Waste water
• Papers
What Are Solid Waste and
Hazardous Waste, and Why Are
They Problems?
We Throw Away Huge Amounts of Useful Things and
Hazardous Materials
● Solid waste: any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is not a liquid or
gas.
○ Municipal solid waste (MSW): produced directly by homes and workplaces
■ often called garbage or trash
○ Industrial solid waste: produced indirectly by industries that supply people
with goods and services
We Throw Away Huge Amounts of Useful Things and
Hazardous Materials
● Hazardous or toxic waste: threatens human health or the
environment because it is toxic, chemically active, corrosive or
flammable.
What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home?
 Although technically
hazardous wastes, the
disposal of these
chemicals are do not fall
under government
regulation.
 However, care should still
be taken when choosing
a disposal method.
We Throw Away Huge Amounts of Useful Things and Hazardous
Materials
● Two reasons to be concerned about the amount of waste we generate:
○ At least 75% of waste is unnecessary and uses up our earth’s precious resources.
○ Producing the products we use and throw away creates large amounts of air
pollution, water pollution, land degradation, and even more waste.
Look at your closet how many
clothes , you don’t wear anymore
FAST FASHION AND
CONSUMERISM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4270SWkehI
Solid Waste in the United States
● The United States produces about a third of the world’s solid waste and
buries more than half of it in landfills.
○ About 98.5% is industrial solid waste.
○ The remaining 1.5% is MSW.
■ About 55% of U.S. MSW is dumped into landfills, 30% is
recycled or composted, and 15% is burned in incinerators.
Solid Waste in the Philippines
● According to the National Solid Waste Management Commission, the
country generates around 40,000 tons of waste per day, with only 73% of
this collected and disposed of properly.
How Should We Deal with Solid Waste?
● A sustainable approach
to solid waste is first to
reduce it, then to reuse
or recycle it, and finally
to safely dispose of
what is left.
DISPOSAL METHODS
● Sanitary landfill
● Garbage grinding
● Recycling
● Burying
● Feeding to animals
● Composting
● Dumping
● Incineration
Integrated Waste Management
Is it possible for the Philippines to recycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=BLKctr4yXVk
Integrated Waste Management:
Priorities for Dealing with Solid Waste
 1st Priority – prevent waste generation

 2nd Priority – reuse, recycle, compost materials
 Last priority – deal with the waste generated
 It is always best to prevent the production of waste

than to deal with it once it has been created.
We Can Cut Solid Wastes by Reducing, Reusing, and
Recycling
The 3 “Rs” of waste reduction:
● Reduce: consume less and not only save resources, but also save money.
● Reuse: rely more on items that can be used over and over, or ones that can be fixed
and used again.
● Recycle: paper, glass, cans, plastics…and buy items made from recycled materials.
Why Is Reusing and Recycling Materials So
Important?
● Reusing items decreases
the use of matter and
energy resources and
reduces pollution and
natural capital
degradation; recycling
does so to a lesser
degree.
Reuse: Important Way to Reduce Solid
Waste, Pollution and to Save Money
● Reuse: involves cleaning and using materials over and over increasing the
lifespan of a product
○ Decreases the use of resources, decrease in energy used, cuts
pollution, creates jobs
Case Study: Use of Refillable Containers
● Refilling and reusing containers uses fewer resources and less energy, produces less
waste, saves money, and creates jobs.
○ In Denmark and Canada’s Price Edward’s Island there is a ban on all beverage
containers that cannot be reused.
○ In Finland 95% of soft drink and alcoholic beverages are refillable (Germany
75%).
Case Study:Use of Refillable Containers
● We can use reusable shopping bags, food containers, shipping pallets, rechargeable
batteries, and borrowing tools.
○ Many countries in Europe and Asia charge shoppers for plastic bags.
There Are Two Types of Waste
That Can Be Recycled
 Recycling involves reprocessing discarded materials
into new, useful products.
 Pre-consumer waste
– waste generated in
the manufacturing
process
 Post-consumer
waste – waste
generated by
consumer use of
products
There Are Two Types of Recycling
● Primary or closed loop recycling: materials are turned into new products of the
same type.
○ Making paper with recycled paper, or new glass bottles out of used
glass bottles
● Secondary recycling: materials are converted into different products.

○ Shredded tires used to resurface tracks
○ Pop bottles can be turned into playground
equipment or car seats
We Can Copy Nature and Recycle
Biodegradable Solid Wastes
● Composting biodegradable organic waste is a way to
recycle the yard trimmings and food wastes that would be
sent to a landfill.
● Composting mimics nature by recycling plant nutrients to
the soil.
Case Study: Recycling Paper
● 55% of the world’s tree harvest is for making
paper.
● Paper (especially newspaper and cardboard)
is very easy to recycle:
○ Removing ink and/or glue, converting it
back to pulp, bleaching it white, and
press it into paper
● Making recycled paper vs. production new
paper
○ 64% less energy use
○ 35% less water pollution
○ 74% less air pollution
○ Doesn’t cut down any trees!
Is using your tablet better for the
environment or using paper
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-y2KcARWJY
Case Study: Recycling Plastics
● Recycling many plastics is
chemically and economically
difficult.
○ Many plastics are hard to isolate
from other wastes.
○ Recovering plastic resins does
not yield much material.
○ The cost of new plastic is lower
than recycled due to low fossil
fuel costs.
Trade-Offs:
Recycling, Advantages and Disadvantages
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Burning or
Burying Solid Waste
● Technologies for burning
and burying solid wastes are
well developed, but burning
contributes to pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions,
and buried wastes eventually
contribute to pollution and
land degradation.
WHY DON’T WE JUST BURN
OUR TRASH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPVUrO-_7SM
Burning Solid Waste Has
Advantages and Disadvantages
Trade-Offs: Incineration, Advantages and Disadvantages
 To be economically
feasible, incinerators
must be fed huge
amounts of waste every
day.
• Encourages trash production
• Discourages recycling
 Many proposed projects

have been cancelled:
• High costs
• Pollution concerns
Burying Solid Waste Has
● Most of the world’s MSW is buried in landfills that eventually are

expected to leak toxic liquids into the soil and underlying aquifers.
○ Open dumps: fields or holes in the ground where garbage is
deposited and sometimes covered with soil/clay. Mostly used in
developing countries.
○ Sanitary landfills: solid wastes are spread out in thin layers,

compacted and covered daily with a fresh layer of clay or plastic
foam. The bottom is also sealed with layers of clay and synthetic
liners.
Burying Solid Waste Has
● 2 problematic substances created by the disposal of
waste in landfills are:
● Leachate – water that accumulates chemicals as it trickles through the
wastes
○ Can contaminate groundwater if it leaks out of the landfill
○ Leachate is pumped out the bottom of the landfill and is treated to rid
it of toxic chemicals
● Methane – a gas given off by the decomposition of the organic material
○ Methane gas recover wells collect the gas as it is created
○ Methane is burned to create electricity
Trade-Offs:
Sanitary Landfills, Advantages and Disadvantages
LANDFILL IN THE PH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJiTP3W5GkI
MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF)
● RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act)

defines MRF as a facility designed to receive, sort,
process, and store compostable and recyclable
materials efficiently and in an environmentally sound
manner.
Homework for the week
● In canva– make a brochure

the advantages and
disadvantages of the
following disposal methods
○ Sanitary landfill
○ Garbage grinding
○ Recycling
○ Burying
○ Composting
○ Dumping
○ Incineration

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WASTE

It improves the quality of life It eliminates breeding places of

Waste – substances or objects which are disposed of or

• Disposal – any operation which may lead to resource

 1st Priority – prevent waste generation

 It is always best to prevent the production of waste

● Secondary recycling: materials are converted into different products.

 Many proposed projects

● Most of the world’s MSW is buried in landfills that eventually are

○ Sanitary landfills: solid wastes are spread out in thin layers,

● RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act)

● In canva– make a brochure

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