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STATS T Distribution

The values in and above the 90th percentile of a t-distribution with 9 degrees of freedom are greater than 1.883.

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Necil Paderan
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44 views18 pages

STATS T Distribution

The values in and above the 90th percentile of a t-distribution with 9 degrees of freedom are greater than 1.883.

Uploaded by

Necil Paderan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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t – Distribution

Presented by: Welia Nena S. Marmito


t – Distribution
 This type of distribution is used for smaller sample sizes with the
consideration that the data is approximately normally
distributed.
 That is, it becomes bell-shaped when plotted on a graph, with
more observations near the mean and fewer observations in the
tails. However, the population variance is unknown.
 The variance in this type of distribution is estimated based on
the degrees of freedom of the data set (total number of
observations minus 1)
Assumptions in Computing for
Population Mean when σ is Unknown
1. The sample is a random sample
2. Either 𝑛 ≥ 30 or the population is normally distributed
when 𝑛 < 30.
Degrees of Freedom
 Denoted by df
 the number of Independent pieces of information that went
into calculating the estimate
 Formula: df = n – 1, where n is the number of items in your set
t – Table

 The t – values in the t – table are called the critical values of t. Like the z, they are also
called confidence coefficients.
t – Table

 The t – values in the t – table are called the critical values of t. Like the z, they are also
called confidence coefficients.
Formula for Computing the Confidence Interval Using t-
Distribution

Where,
–
X = sample mean
t = t – value
s = standard deviation of the sample mean
n = sample size
𝜇 = population mean
Steps in Computing the Interval Estimate
Using t-Distribution
Step 1. describe the population parameter of interest
Step 2. specify the confidence interval criteria
a. check the assumptions
b. determine the test statistic to be used
c. state the level of confidence
Step 3. collect and present sample evidence
a. collect the sample information
b. find the point estimate
Step 4. determine the confidence interval
a. determine the confidence coefficients (t) from the t – Table
b. compute using the formula for computing the confidence interval
c. describe the results
Example 1.
A guidance counselor of an educational institution wants to know
the mean age of all entering IT majors. She was able to compute
a mean age of 18 years old with standard deviation of 1.2 years
from a random sample consisting of 25 aspiring IT students.
Assume that the sample is normally distributed. With 99%
confidence, find the point estimate and the interval estimate.
Example 2.
A random score sample from 17 high school students was taken
from a special test in which the mean score was 83.5. Upon
computing, it was found out that the standard deviation of the
scores is 4.1. Assume that the sample is normally distributed.
Find the point and interval estimates of the population mean
with a confidence level of 95%.
Identifying Percentiles using
the t – Table
Example: Suppose that you are asked to find the 95th percentile of a t-
distribution with 6 degrees of freedom.
Step 1. look at the t-table and observe the values to the column of
df=6. You will notice that on the 0.95 (which represents 95%) column,
the value is 2.447
t – Table

 The t – values in the t – table are called the critical values of t. Like the z, they are also
called confidence coefficients.
Identifying Percentiles using
the t – Table
Example: Suppose that you are asked to find the 95th percentile of a t-
distribution with 6 degrees of freedom.
Step 1. look at the t-table and observe the values to the column of
df=6. You will notice that on the 0.95 (which represents 95%) column,
the value is 2.447
Identifying Percentiles using
the t – Table
Example: Suppose that you are asked to find the 95th percentile of a t-
distribution with 6 degrees of freedom.
Step 2. Determine the percentile
Based on the t –table, the 95th percentile is 2.447
Identifying Percentiles using
the t – Table
Example: What are the values in and above the 90th percentile of a t-
distribution with 9 degrees of freedom
Step 1. Look at the t-table and observe the values to the column of
df=9. You will notice that on the 0.90 (which represents 90%) column,
the value is 1.833.
Identifying Percentiles using
the t – Table
Example: What are the values in and above the 90th percentile of a t-
distribution with 9 degrees of freedom
Step 2. Based on the t-table, the value in the 90th percentile is
1.883. Therefore, the values above the 90th percentile are the values >
1.883.

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