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Methods of Differentiation

The document discusses four main methods of differentiation: 1) Differentiation of explicit functions where the dependent variable can be separated from the independent variable 2) Differentiation of implicit functions where the dependent variable cannot be separated 3) Differentiation of parametric functions where the variables are represented by a new parameter 4) Logarithmic differentiation which can be used when the power of the variable is also a variable or when the function involves products and quotients. Examples are provided for each method.

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19 views24 pages

Methods of Differentiation

The document discusses four main methods of differentiation: 1) Differentiation of explicit functions where the dependent variable can be separated from the independent variable 2) Differentiation of implicit functions where the dependent variable cannot be separated 3) Differentiation of parametric functions where the variables are represented by a new parameter 4) Logarithmic differentiation which can be used when the power of the variable is also a variable or when the function involves products and quotients. Examples are provided for each method.

Uploaded by

elakkiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of differentiation

Methods of Differentiation:

(i) Differentiation of explicit function.


(ii) Differentiation of Implicit function.
(iii) Differentiation of Parametric function.
(iv) Logarithmic differentiation.
• Explicit function • Implicit function

• If the relation between two • If the relation between two

variables x and y is expressed variables x and y is expressed

in the form y =f(x). in the form f(x,y) =0

• Explicit solution is a solution • implicit is when the

where the dependent dependent variable cannot

variable can be separated. be separated.

• Example: x+2y=0 • Example sin(x+ey) =3y


Differentiation of Parametric function:

Let y = f(x) be the given function. If the variables ‘x’ and ‘y’ are
represented by a new third variable namely ‘θ’ (or) ‘t’ then x and y
are called parametric function and the new variable ‘θ’ (or) ‘t’ is
called parameter.

(ie) x = f(θ) and y = g(θ)


Logarithmic Differentiation

 If the function is product and quotient, then we can use

logarithmic instead of their rules.


If the power of the variable is variable we can use logarithmic
differentiation
Example

y = (x+2)4 (2x+3)3 (x+5)2


Take log on both side
Logy = log (x+2)4 +log (2x+3)3 +log (x+5)2
log y =4log(x+2)+3log(2x+3)+2log(x+5)
y = log(ax+b)
dy/dx = a/(ax+b)
1/y dy/dx = (4/x+2) + 3*(2/2x+3)
+2/x+5
Dy/dx =y{(4/x+2) + (6/2x+3) +2/x+5}
If the power of the variable is variable
Successive differentiation

Home work
Y =e5x+6
y= x logx
Home work

Y= ax (log a – constant)
Y= (sin x)x
Growth rate and
Relative Growth rate:
Marginal cost and
average cost

marginal cost represents the change in the total cost for


each additional unit of production.

Cost per unit of production


Marginal revenue and average revenue
Constant and variable

Absolute Constant- same value in all


mathematical operations.
Constant - takes a Example : Value of π
fixed value.

Arbitrary Constant - has value in one


operation and has different values in
other.
Example: In y = k x, k is the arbitrary
constant.

Variable - takes different values


Maxima and minima of the
function
Find the maxima or minima if
1) y = x3 + 2x2 – 4x - 8

Step 1: Find the first derivative and equate it to zero and find the roots.

dy/dx = 3x2 + 4x-4

X= 2/3 and -2
Step 2: Find the second derivative.

Put x values in second derivatives.

X = 2/3
X= 2/3 and -2 in

X = -2

So the function is minimum at x =


2/3

So the function is maximum at x = -2


Step 3: Find the maximum and minimum values

Put x values in y = x3 + 2x2 – 4x - 8

X = -2 X = 2/3 in y = x3 + 2x2 – 4x - 8

Home work
Find the maximum and minimum values of the function y = x3 – 3x2 +1
Home work

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