Energy efficiency measures in

shipping from Operation and

maintenance perspective
Variables affecting energy efficiency
Typical distribution of energy losses
Conceptual presentations of ships energy systems
The improvement areas can be grouped under four main categories :

- Ship design;
- Propulsion;
- Machinery;
- Operation and maintenance.
Energy Efficiency Operational Measures

• Turn-around time in ports;

• Ship speed optimization;
• Weather routing, voyage planning and just in time arrival;
• Trim, draft and ballast optimization;
• Auto pilot improvements;
• Efficient use of engine;
• Engine performance monitoring;
• Effect of Fuel Quality
Turn-around time in port
• Improved manoeuvring performance;
• Innovative lifting arrangements;
• The optimum solutions that match ship and port
requirements.
Benefits of ship speed reduction

Reduction in ship speed vs. saving in total

energy consumption:
•0.5 kn –> – 7% energy
•1.0 kn –> – 11% energy
•2.0 kn –> – 17% energy
•3.0 kn –> – 23% energy
Weather routing and voyage planning

The potential has been assessed to between 0 – 5%

Benefit from less fatigue and weather damages.

 Trim, draft and ballast optimization
• The optimum trim should be achieved either by repositioning the cargo or
rearranging the bunkers.
• Optimum placement of containers on deck accounts for overall aerodynamic
form;
• Optimization of reefer container stowage locations.
 Auto pilot improvements

The correct parameters or

preventing unnecessary use of
the rudder gives an anticipated
benefit of up to 4% for all ships
Efficient use of Main Propulsion engines
• Ships to sail with constant RPM instead of continuous changing the
engine power.
• System automated engine management is much useful than human
intervention.
• The optimum setting of tuning of main engine reduce the fuel
consumption by up to 1%
 Engine performance monitoring Increase in
Pmax with fixed analyzer and electronic controls
Effect of fuel quality on specific fuel consumption
 Energy saving operation awareness

Shipping companies may consider creating a culture

of fuel saving among the company’s vessel and
provide incentives to the deserving vessel and
concerned personnel.
Energy efficiency from maintenance perspective

• Main Propulsion system maintenance;

• Auxiliary Engines’ load management;
• Steam plant operation improvement;
• Auxiliary machinery utilization management;
• Energy efficient lighting system;
• Hull roughness management;
• Propeller roughness management.
Effect of equipment condition on SFOC
 Auxiliary Engines’ utilization management

• Low load increases the risk of turbine fouling with a

further impact on fuel consumption.
• By the use of electronic Power Management System
(PMS), prolong operation of two engines at low loads
can be eliminated

Power Management System can reduce energy consumption up to 5%

Steam plant operation improvement

• Avoiding fouling on the water and gas side;

• Not to start boiler too far in advance of intended use;
• Maximization of the use of economizer;
• Steam pipes insulation to be kept in good order;
• Identification and stopping of steam leakages;
• To keep fuel temperature in fuel tanks at a acceptable
lower levels;
• Avoiding overheating in cargo tanks.

The reduction potential for boiler consumption has

been assessed to be up to 30%
Auxiliary machinery utilization management

• Air condition and Refrigeration;

• Lighting in accommodation;
• Working in Galley;
• Ships laundry equipment

Cooling water pumps, speed control <1%

Energy efficient lighting system
The total energy consumed for lighting on cargo ship is estimated to
5%; while for passenger ships are up to 10%.
Improvement methods:
• Low energy halogen lamps;
• Fluorescent tubes; •
LED lights;
• Electronically controlled systems for dimming;
• Automatic shut off etc.
Benefits from hull cleaning
Cleaning a light slime can yield up to 7 to 9
percent reduction in propulsion fuel
consumption

Frequent cleaning of the hull can reduce

fuel consumption up to 3% for tanker, 2%
for container, for Ferry 2% !!!
Benefits from hull surface coating

A high quality coating can yield an average

reduction up to 3 to 4 percent in propulsion
fuel consumption
Benefit from Propeller roughness management
Total saving from operation and maintenance
Total saving in fuel consumption

It is seen that up to 30% reductions in fuel

costs is possible by utilizing all these potential
strategies
The role of ship crew in energy efficiency

• The ship's personnel are responsible for

optimum operation of the ship including
voyage planning, optimal weather routing,
trim, autopilot use, cargo and ballast
operations.
• • They are also responsible for on-board
maintenance.
The role of ship crew in energy efficiency
Energy efficiency operational measures summary
Energy efficiency maintenance measures summary
Assessment of suggested measures
• Numerous examples have been cited on how to
gain a significant achievement.
• Many of these measures appear to be cost
effective
• Ship’s crew forms the most important part in
ships operation and maintenance ,
• By acquiring adequate knowledge and expertise
they may make huge contribution in energy
efficiency.