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Valve Timing Diagram of Four Stroke Engines: Ikram Singh Harika B Tech-6Mae-1Y A2305408048

This document discusses valve timing in four stroke engines. It explains that valves need to open and close at precise times to allow for intake of fresh air and exhaust of spent gases. In low speed engines, intake valves typically close 10 degrees after bottom dead center to prevent backflow, while in high speed engines intake valves may stay open until 60 degrees after bottom dead center to take advantage of ram effect. Exhaust valves generally open before bottom dead center to reduce pressure in the cylinder. Valve overlap, where intake and exhaust valves are open simultaneously, is also discussed.

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297 views11 pages

Valve Timing Diagram of Four Stroke Engines: Ikram Singh Harika B Tech-6Mae-1Y A2305408048

This document discusses valve timing in four stroke engines. It explains that valves need to open and close at precise times to allow for intake of fresh air and exhaust of spent gases. In low speed engines, intake valves typically close 10 degrees after bottom dead center to prevent backflow, while in high speed engines intake valves may stay open until 60 degrees after bottom dead center to take advantage of ram effect. Exhaust valves generally open before bottom dead center to reduce pressure in the cylinder. Valve overlap, where intake and exhaust valves are open simultaneously, is also discussed.

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School Megazine
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF

FOUR STROKE ENGINES

IKRAM SINGH HARIKA


B TECH- 6MAE-1Y
A2305408048
VALVE TIMING
• Valve timing is the regulation of points in the cycle, at
which the valves are set to open and close.
• Since the valves require a finite period of time for
opening and closing therefore a ‘slight lead time’ is
necessary for proper opening and closing of valves.
• The design of the valve operating cam provides for
the smooth transition from one position to another
while the cam setting determines the timing of the
valve.
INTAKE VALVE OPENING
• Theoretically the intake valve should open at TDC but
almost all spark ignition engines employ an intake
valve opening of a few degrees before TDC on the
exhaust stroke.
• This is done to ensure that the valve is fully open and
the fresh charge starts to flow into the cylinder as
soon as the piston reaches TDC.
INTAKE VALVE CLOSING FOR LOW
SPEED ENGINES
• When the piston reaches BDC and starts to ascend on the
compression stroke, the inertia of the incoming fresh
charge tends to cause it to continue to move into the
cylinder.
• At low engine speeds the inertia of the charge is relatively
low. If the intake were to remain open much beyond BDC,
the up moving piston would force the charge already in the
cylinder back in the intake manifold causing a significant
reduction in volumetric efficiency. Hence the intake valve is
closed relatively early after BDC for a slow speed engine.
• In low speed engines the intake valve closes 60 ͦafter BDC.
INTAKE VALVE CLOSING FOR HIGH
SPEED ENGINES
• High speed engines bring in the charge through the
inlet manifold at great speeds and the charge has
great inertia.
• As the piston moves up, the incoming fresh charge
produces a ‘ram’ effect, which tends to pack more
charge into the cylinder.
• Thus in high speed engines the intake valve timing is
delayed for a greater period of time after BDC in
order to take advantage of this ‘ram’ effect and to
induct maximum quantity of charge.
EXHAUST VALVE OPENING
• The exhaust valve is set to open 25 ͦ before BDC in
low speed engines and 55 ͦ before BDC in high
speed engines.
• If the exhaust valve did not open until BDC, the
pressure in the cylinder would be considerably
above atmospheric pressure increasing the work
required to expel the exhaust gases.
• Opening the exhaust valve earlier than BDC reduces
the pressure which results in overall gain in output.
EXHAUST VALVE CLOSING
• During the exhaust stroke, the piston forces
the burnt gases out at a high velocity. If the
closing of the exhaust valve is delayed beyond
TDC, the inertia of the exhaust gases tends to
scavenge the cylinder better by carrying out, a
greater mass of gases left in the clearance
volume, which results in increased volumetric
efficiency.
VALVE OVERLAP
• Is should be noted that it is quite possible for
the intake and the exhaust valve to remain
open or partially open at the same time. This
is known as valve overlap.
• This overlap should not be excessive enough
to allow the burnt gases to be sucked back
into the cylinder, or the fresh charge to escape
through the exhaust valve.
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF A LOW SPEED 4
STROKE ENGINE
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF A HIGH SPEED
4 STROKE ENGINE
POSITION THEORETICAL LOW SPEED HIGH SPEED
ENGINE ENGINE
INLET VALVE TDC 10 ͦ before 10 ͦ before
OPENS BDC TDC
INLET VALVE BDC 10 ͦafter BDC 60 ͦ after BDC
CLOSES
INLET VALVE 180 ͦ 200 ͦ 250 ͦ
IS OPEN FOR
EXHAUST BDC 25 ͦ before 55 ͦ before
VALVE OPENS BDC BDC
AT

EXHAUST TDC 5 ͦ after TDC 20 ͦ after TDC


VALVE CLOSES
AT

EXHAUST 180 ͦ 210 ͦ 255 ͦ


VALVE IS
OPEN FOR

VALVE NIL 15 ͦ 30 ͦ
OVERLAP
SPARK TDC 15 ͦ before 30 ͦ before
TDC TDC

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