Writting Good User Stories

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The key takeaways are that user stories seek to combine written and verbal communication for requirements, with details added through collaboration just before development. User stories should be independent, negotiable, valuable, estimatable, small, and testable.

The three parts of a user story card are: 1) Card - A written description of the user story, 2) Conversation - A section for capturing further details, 3) Confirmation - A section conveying what tests will confirm completion.

The three components of a user story description are: 1) User role, 2) Goal, 3) Reason.

Introducing User Stories

Agile Requirements

Key Principles for Agile Requirements


Active user involvement is imperative Agile teams must be empowered to make decisions Requirements emerge and evolve as software is developed Agile requirements are barely sufficient Requirements are developed in small, bite-sized pieces Enoughs enough apply the 80/20 rule Cooperation, collaboration and communication between all team members is essential

Requirements are a Communication Problem


Written requirements
can be well thought through, reviewed and edited provide a permanent record are more easily shared with groups of people time consuming to produce may be less relevant or superseded over time can be easily misinterpreted instantaneous feedback and clarification information-packed exchange easier to clarify and gain common understanding more easily adapted to any new information known at the time can spark ideas about problems and opportunities

Verbal requirements

A picture is worth a thousand words

User Stories
seek to combine the strengths of written and verbal communication, where possible supported by a picture.

What is a User Story?

A concise, written description of a piece of functionality that will be valuable to a user (or owner) of the software.

User Story Cards have 3 parts


1. Card - A written description of the user story for planning purposes and as a reminder Conversation - A section for capturing further information about the user story and details of any conversations Confirmation - A section to convey what tests will be carried out to confirm the user story is complete and working as expected

2.

3.

User Story Description


As a [user role] I want to [goal] so I can [reason]
For example: As a registered user I want to log in so I can access subscriber-only content

User Story Description


Who (user role) What (goal) Why (reason)
gives clarity as to why a feature is useful can influence how a feature should function can give you ideas for other useful features that support the user's goals

User Story Example: Front of Card

User Story Example: Back of Card

How detailed should a User Story be?

Detailed enough for the team to start work from, and further details to be established and clarified at the time of development.

INVEST in Good User Stories


Independent User Stories should be as independent as possible. Negotiable User Stories are not a contract. They are not detailed specifications. They are reminders of features for the team to discuss and collaborate to clarify the details near the time of development. Valuable User Stories should be valuable to the user (or owner) of the solution. They should be written in user language. They should be features, not tasks. Estimatable User Stories need to be possible to estimate. They need to provide enough information to estimate, without being too detailed. Small User Stories should be small. Not too small. But not too big. Testable User Stories need to be worded in a way that is testable, i.e. not too subjective and to provide clear details of how the User Story will be tested.

User Stories Summary


User Stories combine written and verbal communications, supported with a picture where possible. User Stories should describe features that are of value to the user, written in a users language. User Stories detail just enough information and no more. Details are deferred and captured through collaboration just in time for development. Test cases should be written before development, when the User Story is written. User Stories should be Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimatable, Small and Testable.

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