QUADRILATERAL

S
It is a closed plane figure consisting of
four line segments or sides.

Quadrilateral
 Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is defined as a two-dimensional
shape with four sides, four vertices, and four angles.
There are two main types: concave and convex.
 Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is a polygon having four sides, four
angles, and four vertices. The word 'quadrilateral' is
derived from the Latin words 'quadri' which means
four, and 'latus', which means side. 
 Convex Quadrilateral
A convex quadrilateral
is a four-sided polygon
that has interior angles
that measure less than
180 degrees each. The
diagonals are contained
entirely inside of these
quadrilaterals.
 Concave Quadrilateral
A concave quadrilateral
is a quadrilateral having
at least one of its interior
angles measuring more
than 180°. One of the
diagonals of a concave
quadrilateral lies outside
the closed figure.
 ANGLES
Angles in a quadrilateral are
the four angles that occur at each
vertex within a four-sided shape;
these angles are called interior
angles of a quadrilateral. The sum
of the interior angles of any
quadrilateral is 360°.
 VERTEX
A Vertex is a point on a
polygon where the sides or
edges of the object meet or
where two rays or line
segments meet. The plural
of a vertex is vertices.
 Quadrilateral ABCD
a. 4 vertices
b. 4 angles
c. 2 pairs of opposite side
d. 2 pairs of opposite angles
e. 4 pairs of consecutive sides
f. 4 pairs of consecutive angles
g.1 pair of diagonals
Quadrilateral Family Tree
It is a quadrilateral with two pairs of
opposite sides parallel.

Parallelogram
It is a rectangle with four sides
congruent.

Square
It is a parallelogram with four
congruent sides.

Rhombus
It is a parallelogram with four right
angles and two pairs of opposite
congruent sides.

Rectangle
It is a quadrilateral with two pairs of
congruent adjacent sides.

Kite
A trapezoid, also known as a trapezium,
is a flat closed shape having 4 straight
sides, with one pair of parallel sides.

Trapezoid
Conditions for a Parallelogram
1. If both pairs of opposite sides are congruent, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. L O
I

LO ≅ EV = =
LE ≅ OV
E I V

If LO measures 12 cm that means EV also measures 12 cm.

If LE measures 9 cm that means OV also measures 9 cm.
Conditions for a Parallelogram
2. If both pairs of opposite angles are congruent, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. L O

∠L = ∠V
∠E = ∠O
E V

If ∠L measures 110 degrees, ∠V also measures 110 degrees.

If ∠O measures 70 degrees, ∠E also measures 70 degrees.
Conditions for a Parallelogram
3. If any consecutive angles are supplementary, then the
quadrilateral is parallelogram. L O

m ∠L + m ∠O = 180
m ∠O + m ∠V = 180
m ∠V + m ∠E = 180
m ∠E + m ∠L = 180 E V
Conditions for a Parallelogram
4. If the diagonals bisect each other, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
L O

LX ≅ VX
̅

=
X
OX ≅ EX

=
E ̅ V
Illustrative Examples:
1. Given the following conditions, is ABCD a parallelogram? Justify your answer.
a. AB ≅ DC ; AD ≅ BC A B
b. AE ≅ EC ; DE ≅ EB
E
c. AB II DC ; AD ≅ BC
d. m∠A + m ∠B = 180; m ∠B + m ∠C = 180 D C

a. Yes, both pairs of opposite sides are congruent.

b. Yes, diagonals bisect each other.
c. No, it can be a trapezoid.
d. Yes, any two consecutive angles are supplementary.
Illustrative Examples:
2. Find the value of x and y so that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
Solution: A 2y + 5 B
If both pairs of opposite sides are congurent,
then it is a parallelogram. 5x - 2
3x + 4

D C
Solving for x: Solving for y: 4y - 9

5x – 2 = 3x + 4 4y – 9 = 2y + 5
5x – 3x = 4 + 2 4y – 2y = 5 + 9
2x = 6 2y = 14
x=3 y=7
Illustrative Examples:

3. Determine the value of the indicated variables so that the given quadrilateral is
A B
a parallelogram. (2x + 10)˚
Solution: To solve for the value of x:
Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are
Supplementary.
m∠D = 5x - 5 D (5x - 5)˚ (y)˚
C
= 5(25) - 5
2x + 10 + 5x – 5 = 180 = 125 - 5
7x + 5 = 180 m∠A = 2x + 10
= 120
7x = 180 – 5 = 2(25) + 10 m∠C = m∠A
or
7x = 175 = 50 + 10 m∠C = 60
m∠A + m∠D = 180
x = 25 = 60
m ∠D = 180-60
= 120
A 3z - 25 B
(3x - 17)˚
(y + 58)˚

(5y - 6)˚ (2x + 24)˚

D C
2z + 4