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Overview of SCADA Rep.2

The document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems for electrical distribution. It defines SCADA and describes its typical components including remote terminal units, master terminal units, communication systems, and operator workstations. It then discusses how SCADA is used to automate and control substations, feeders, and end user loads in electrical distribution networks. Key benefits of SCADA implementation include improved reliability, reduced outage times, cost savings from remote monitoring and control, and automated voltage regulation.

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125 views20 pages

Overview of SCADA Rep.2

The document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems for electrical distribution. It defines SCADA and describes its typical components including remote terminal units, master terminal units, communication systems, and operator workstations. It then discusses how SCADA is used to automate and control substations, feeders, and end user loads in electrical distribution networks. Key benefits of SCADA implementation include improved reliability, reduced outage times, cost savings from remote monitoring and control, and automated voltage regulation.

Uploaded by

Bochi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of SCADA

Edgar Mercado
Jheneses Flores
Jay-bee Rosales
Nowadays, computer control is one of the most cost effective solutions
for improving reliability, optimum operation, intelligent control and
protection of a power systemnetwork. Having advanced data collection
capabilities, SCADA system plays a significant role in power system
operation.

Typically, at distribution side SCADA does more than simply collecting


data by automating entire distribution network and facilitating remote
monitoring, coordinate, control and operating distribution components
just like in Smart Grid System.
What is SCADA?
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition or simply SCADA is one of the solutions available
for data acquisition, monitor and control systems covering large geographical areas. It
refers to the combination of data acquisition and telemetry.
SCADA systems are mainly used
for the implementation of
monitoring and control system of
an equipment or a plant in several
industries like power plants, oil and
gas refining, water and waste
control, telecommunications, etc.

This system displays the received


data on number of operator
screens and conveys back the
necessary control actions to the
remote terminal units in process
plant.
Components of Typical SCADA System

• Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)


• Master Terminal Units (MTUs)
• Communications System
• Operator Workstations
Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)

RTU is the main component in SCADA system that has a direct


connection with various sensors, meters and actuators associated
with a control environment.

These RTUs are nothing but real-time programmable logic


controllers (PLCs) which are responsible for properly converting
remote station information to digital form for modem to transmit the
data and also converts the received signals from master unit in
order to control the process equipment through actuators and
switchboxes.
Master Terminal Units (MTUs)

A central host servers or server is called Master Terminal Unit,


sometimes it is also called as SCADA center. It communicates
with several RTUs by performing reading and writing operations
during scheduled scanning. In addition, it performs control,
alarming, networking with other nodes, etc.
Communications System

The communication network transfers data among central host


computer servers and the field data interface devices & control
units. The medium of transfer can be cable, radio, telephone,
satellite, etc. or any combination of these.
Operator Workstations

These are the computer terminals consisting of standard HMI


(Human Machine Interface) software and are networked with a
central host computer. These workstations are operator terminals
that request and send the information to host client computer in
order to monitor and control the remote field parameters.
Automation of Electrical Distribution System
Modern SCADA systems replace the manual labor to perform electrical distribution tasks
and manual processes in distribution systems with automated equipments. SCADA
maximizes the efficiency of power distribution system by providing the features like real-
time view into the operations, data trending and logging, maintaining desired voltages,
currents and power factors, generating alarms, etc.
SCADA performs automatic monitoring, protecting and controlling of
various equipments in distribution systems with the use of Intelligent
Electronic Devices (or RTUs). It restores the power service during fault
condition and also maintains the desired operating conditions.

SCADA improves the reliability of supply by reducing duration of outages


and also gives the cost-effective operation of distribution system.
Therefore, distribution SCADA supervises the entire electrical distribution
system. The major functions of SCADA can be categorized into following
types.

• Substation Control
• Feeder Control
• End User Load Control
Substation Control using SCADA
In substation automation system,
SCADA performs the operations like bus
voltage control, bus load balancing,
circulating current control, overload
control, transformer fault protection, bus
fault protection, etc.

SCADA system continuously monitors


the status of various equipments in
substation and accordingly sends
control signals to the remote control
equipments. Also, it collects the
historical data of the substation and
generates the alarms in the event of
electrical accidents or faults.
The above figure shows the typical SCADA based substation control system. Various
input/output (I/O) modules connected to the substation equipment gathers the field
parameters data, including status of switches, circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors
and batteries, voltage and current magnitudes, etc. RTUs collect I/O data and transfers
to remote master unit via network interface modules.

The central control or master unit receives and logs the information, displays on HMI
and generate the control actions based on received data. This central controller also
responsible for generating trend analysis, centralized alarming, and reporting.

The data historian, workstations, master terminal unit and communications servers are
connected by LAN at the control center. A Wide Area Network (WAN) connection with
standard protocol communication is used to transfer the information between field sites
and central controller.

Thus, by implementing SCADA for substation control eventually improves the reliability
of the network and minimizes the downtime with high speed transfer of measurements
and control commands.
Feeder Control using SCADA

This automation includes feeder voltage or VAR control and feeder


automatic switching. Feeder voltage control performs voltage regulation
and capacitor placement operations while feeder switching deals with
remote switching of various feeders, detection of faults, identifying fault
location, isolating operation and restoration of service.

In this system, SCADA architecture continuously checks the faults and


their location by using wireless fault detector units deployed at various
feeding stations. In addition, it facilitates the remote circuit switching and
historical data collection of feeder parameters and their status. The
figure below illustrates feeder automation using SCADA.
Feeder Control using SCADA
Feeder Control using SCADA
In the above typical SCADA network, different feeders (underground as
well as overhead networks) are automated with modular and integrated
devices in order to decrease the number and duration of outages.
Underground and overhead fault detection devices provide accurate
information about transient and permanent faults so that at the remote
side preventive and corrective measures can be performed in order to
reduce the fault repeatability.

Ring main units and Remote Control Units (RTUs) of underground and
overhead network responsible for maintenance and operational duties
such as remote load switching, capacitor bank insertion and voltage
regulation. The entire network is connected with a communication
medium in order to facilitate remote energy management at the central
End User Load Control Automation by SCADA
This type of automation at user
end side implements functions
like remote load control,
automatic meter reading and
billing generation, etc. It provides
the energy consumption by the
large consumers and appropriate
pricing on demand or time slots
wise. Also detects energy meter
tampering and theft and
accordingly disconnects the
remote service. Once the problem
is resolved, it reconnects the
service.
End User Load Control Automation by SCADA
The above figure shows a centralized meter data-management system
using SCADA. It is an easy and cost-effective solution for automating the
energy meter data for billing purpose.

In this, smart meters with a communication unit extract the energy


consumption information and made it available to a central control room as
well as local data storage unit. At the central control room, AMR control unit
automatically retrieves, stores and converts all meter data.

Modems or communication devices at each meter provide secure two-


waycommunication between central control and monitoring room and
remote sites.
Advantages of Implementing SCADA systems for Electrical Distribution

• Due to timely recognition of faults, equipment damage can be avoided


• Continuous monitoring and control of distribution network is performed from
remote locations
• Saves labor cost by eliminating manual operation of distribution equipment
• Reduce the outage time by a system-wide monitoring and generating
alarms so as to address problems quickly
• Improves the continuity of service by restoring service after the occurrence
of faults (temporary)
• Automatically improves the voltage profile by power factor correction and
VAR control
• Facilitates the view of historian data in various ways
• Reduces the labor cost by reducing the staff required for meter reading
THANKYOU!

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