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    Bipolar Junction Transistor

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    Ronald Andrei Daguio
    The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal semiconductor device that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers. It comes in two types, NPN and PNP, which differ in the doping of their emitter, base, and collector regions. A BJT can be used for amplification, switching, and providing power from a secondary source. It operates by controlling the flow of current between the collector and emitter using a small base current.

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    Bipolar Junction Transistor

    Uploaded by

    Ronald Andrei Daguio
    45 views17 pages
    The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal semiconductor device that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers. It comes in two types, NPN and PNP, which differ in the doping of their emitter, base, and collector regions. A BJT can be used for amplification, switching, and providing power from a secondary source. It operates by controlling the flow of current between the collector and emitter using a small base current.

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    The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal semiconductor device that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers. It comes in two types, NPN and PNP, which differ in the doping of their emitter, base, and collector regions. A BJT can be used for amplification, switching, and providing power from a secondary source. It operates by controlling the flow of current between the collector and emitter using a small base current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    45 views17 pages

    Bipolar Junction Transistor

    Uploaded by

    Ronald Andrei Daguio
    The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal semiconductor device that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers. It comes in two types, NPN and PNP, which differ in the doping of their emitter, base, and collector regions. A BJT can be used for amplification, switching, and providing power from a secondary source. It operates by controlling the flow of current between the collector and emitter using a small base current.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    BIPOLAR JUNCTION

    TRANSISTOR
    (BJT)
    PREPARED BY:
    CATHERINE C. GLORIOSO
    Bipolar junction transistor (bjt)
    • Is a three layer, two junction and three terminal semiconductor
    device.
    • A type of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge carriers.
    • It is used in:
    -amplification of weak signals
    -switching operations
    Physical structure of a bjt
    2 Types
    • NPN and PNP
    • A BJT consists of three differently doped semiconductor regions:
    the emitter region, the base region and the collector region.
    These regions are, respectively, p type, n type and p type in a PNP
    transistor, and n type, p type and n type in an NPN transistor.
    • Each semiconductor region is connected to a terminal,
    appropriately labeled: emitter (E), base (B) and collector (C).
    Emitter

    (E) (C) E C
    n p n p n p

    (B) Collector B
    Base

    WIDTH: C > E > B


    CROSS SECTION VIEW OF BJT
    E B C

    n
    p
    n
    Bipolar Junction Transistor
    • Bipolar transistors are called bipolar because the main flow of
    electrons through them takes place in two types of semiconductor
    material: P and N, as the main current goes from emitter to collector
    (or vice versa). In other words, two types of charge carriers—
    electrons and holes—comprise this main current through the
    transistor.
    SYMBOL
    E E

    B B

    C C
    npn pnp
    E NPN
    • A small current entering the base is amplified to produce a
    large collector and emitter current.
    • To allow for greater current and faster operation, most
    bipolar transistors used today are NPN because electron
    mobility is higher than hole mobility.
    B • A mnemonic device for the NPN transistor symbol is
    "not pointing in", based on the arrows in the symbol and the
    letters in the name.

    C
    E PNp
    • A small current leaving the base is amplified in the
    collector output. That is, a PNP transistor is "on" when its
    base is pulled low relative to the emitter. In a PNP
    transistor, the emitter–base region is forward biased, so
    holes are injected into the base as minority carriers. The
    base is very thin, and most of the holes cross the reverse-
    B biased base–collector junction to the collector.
    • A mnemonic device for the PNP transistor symbol is
    "pointing in (proudly/permanently)", based on the arrows
    in the symbol and the letters in the name.

    C
    Difference between npn & pnp
    Npn Pnp
    • Receives positive voltage to the • Receives positive voltage to the
    collector terminal and positive to emitter terminal and a negative
    the base terminal for proper voltage at the base terminal
    operation • Output current flows from the
    • Output current flows from the emitter to the collector
    collector to the emitter
    VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
    BIASING
    +V
    NPN TRANSISTOR
    • In an NPN transistor, positive voltage
    load is given to the collector terminal and
    current flows from the collector to
    IB C the emitter, given there is sufficient
    base current
    B
    IC

    E
    PNP TRANSISTOR
    +Vcc
    IB E • In a PNP transistor positive voltage is
    B IE given to the emitter terminal and
    R current flows from the emitter to the
    C
    collector, given there is sufficient
    load negative current flow from the base
    How they operate (Turn on and off)
    NPN
    • As you increase current to the base of a NPN transistor, the transistor is
    turned on more and more until it conducts fully from collector to
    emitter.
    • And as you decrease current to the base of a NPN transistor, the
    transistor turns on less and less, until the current is so low, the
    transistor no longer conducts across collector to emitter, and shuts off.
    PNP
    • As current is sinked from the base (flows out from the base to ground),
    the transistor is on and conducts across to power on the output load.
    applications
    Amplification
    • A small base-current is amplified to a high collector-current

    Switch
    • Depending on the applied voltage the transistor can be on or off,
    and therefore can act as a switch.
    2nd power source
    - +

    n p n

    - +

    1st power source


    references
    • https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-4/b
    ipolar-junction-transistors-bjt
    /
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor
    • http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_1.html
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFCgeI4j-Ig
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukDKVHnac4

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