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Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to mechatronics. It defines mechatronics as the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science in the design of industrial products. Key elements of mechatronics systems include physical modeling, sensors and actuators, signals and systems, computer logic, and software. Mechatronics systems are found in applications like robotics, automobiles, home appliances, and more. Measurement systems and control systems are also reviewed as important concepts in mechatronics. Modeling plays a role in simulating and analyzing mechatronic systems during development.

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41 views20 pages

Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to mechatronics. It defines mechatronics as the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science in the design of industrial products. Key elements of mechatronics systems include physical modeling, sensors and actuators, signals and systems, computer logic, and software. Mechatronics systems are found in applications like robotics, automobiles, home appliances, and more. Measurement systems and control systems are also reviewed as important concepts in mechatronics. Modeling plays a role in simulating and analyzing mechatronic systems during development.

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Abiyot egata
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS

By Degaga k.
Defining Mechatronics
 The word mechatronics is a composition of mecha from mechanics and
tronics from electronics originated in Japan around 1970 to describe
the integration of mechanical and electronic components in consumer
products
 Today it has come to mean multidisciplinary systems engineering
therefore the definition that mechatronics is simply the combination of
different technologies is no longer sufficient to explain mechatronics
 Mechatronics is defined as the synergistic integration of mechanical
engineering, with electronics and intelligent computer control in the
design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.
[Harashima, Tomizuka, and Fukada, 1996]
Defining Mechatronics
 Mechatronics is the application of complex decision making to the
operation of physical systems.[Auslander and Kempf, 1996]
 A mechatronic system is not just a marriage of electrical and
mechanical systems and is more than just a control system; it is a
complete integration of all of them.[W. Bolton, 2000]
 All of the known definitions and statements about mechatronics
are accurate and informative, yet each one in and of itself fails to
capture the totality of mechatronics.
 Although, an all-encompassing definition of mechatronics does not
exist, but in reality, engineers understand from the known
definitions and from their own personal experiences the essence of
the philosophy of mechatronics.
Cont..

Fig 1.1: The field of mechatronics: intersection of mechanical engineering, electrical


engineering, and computer science.
Key Elements of Mechatronics
 The study of mechatronic systems can be divided into the
following areas of specialty:
Physical Systems Modeling;
Sensors and Actuators;
Signals and Systems;
Computers and Logic Systems;
Software and Data Acquisition

Fig 1.2: Key Elements of Mechatronics


Key Elements of Mechatronics

Fig 1.2: Key Elements of Mechatronics


Typical Components of Mechatronics System

Fig 1.3: Typical Components of Mechatronics


System
The analogy between a human controlled system and
computer control system

Fig 1.4: Human control system and Mechatronics System


Applications Of Mechatronics Systems
Today, mechatronic systems are commonly found in homes,
offices, schools, shops, and of course, in industrial applications.
 Machine-tool construction and equipment for automation of
technological processes
 Robotics (industrial and special)
 Aviation, space and military techniques
 Automotive (climate control, antilock brake, active suspension,
cruise control, air bags, engine management, safety, etc.)
 Office equipment (for example, copy and fax machines)
 Computer facilities (for example, printers, plotters, disk drives)
 Home appliances (micro wave ovens, washing machines vacuum
 Home appliances (microwave ovens, washing machines, vacuum
cleaners, dishwashers, air conditioning units, security systems).
Review of Measurement systems
 Particular importance in any discussion of mechatronics.
 Measurement systems can, in general, be considered to be made up of three
basic elements.
1. A sensor: responds to the quantity being measured by giving as its output a
signal which is related to the quantity. For example, a thermocouple is a
temperature sensor.
2. A signal conditioner: takes the signal from the sensor and manipulates it
into a condition which is suitable either for display or, in the case of a control
system, for use to exercise control. Eg. Amplifier
3. A display system: displays the output from the signal conditioner. This
might, for example, be a pointer moving across a scale or a digital readout.

Fig. 1.5: A digital thermometer system


Review of control systems
A control system can be thought of as a system which can be used
to:
1. Control some variable to some particular value, e.g. a central
heating system where the temperature is controlled to a particular
value
2. Control the sequence of events, when control is such that actions
are strictly ordered in a time- or event-driven sequence. e.g. a
washing machine
3. Control whether an event occurs or not, e.g. a safety lock on a
machine where it cannot be operated until a guard is in position.
Cont..
There are two basic forms of control system
1. Open loop system: can not correct for disturbances and are simply
commanded by the input.

Figure1.6: Block diagrams of open-loop control system


Example of open loop system
Regulator of Ceiling Fan depends on electrical resistance in the
circuit
No feedback RPM is received by the regulator
Cont..
2. Closed loop system: compensates for disturbances by measuring the
output
response, feeding that measurement back through a feedback path, and
comparing that response to the input at the summing junction.

Figure1.6: Block diagrams of closed-loop control system


Example of closed loop system

Temperature Control
Mechatronics system Modeling
 System: is a combination of components which are coordinated together
to perform a specific objective.
 Modeling is a technique of system analysis and design using
mathematical or physical idealizations of all or a portion of the system.
 Models are used when it is neither possible nor practical (due to
complexity, expense, or safety) to build the actual system, then test and
modify it until desired performance is achieved.
 The model is used to examine the system without having to do any
physical experiments.
 A good model is one that is both accurate and simple
Cont..
 The modeling of mechatronic systems plays an important role in the
development process of a mechatronic product. Generally, a model is
required for:
Simulation purposes,
Analyzing the system,
Designing a controller.
 Through system modeling and simulation, the engineers have a
powerful tool which allows them to:
Answer essential issues and also examine the border areas
without risk
Test in advance the characteristics and modify if necessary, when
the system is a concept in the design process.
Cont..
 Besides their advantages, the modeling and simulation also have some
pitfalls:
Too simple model can not describe all aspects of the real system
(process)
Too complex model requires too much time and effort in the creation
A model can also be not valid
Selection of appropriate integration algorithm is very important and
only in this way a correct simulation is ensured.
 There are two basic approaches to modeling:
Analytical modeling: carried out from the physical-technical basic
equations
Empirical or experimental modeling: carried out from measured
input and output data (Need prototype or real system)
Examples of Mechatronics System
CNC Machine Component

Figure1.7: CNC Machine Component and operation

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