Air Legislation

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INSTRUCTOR

SQN LDR GEORGE SARPEI


ASHONG

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INTRODUCTION
TO
AIR LOGISTICS AND
STANDARDS

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AIM

The aim of this lecture is to


introduce THE GENERAL
VIEW OF AIR LEGISLATION.

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SCOPE
• General view ( Definitions etc)
• The International Civil Aviation
Organization
• Standardization
• Logistics in Aviation
• Parts Catalogues
• Material Supply in Aviation
• Air Engineering Drawing and Standards
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DEFINITIONS

• LEGISLATION- The act or process of


making laws; Enactment.
• CONVENTION- Is an agreement made
by a large number of member states with
the avowed objective of making the
promulgated rules universally applicable
• AIR LAW- Is a branch of law that concerns
flights, air travel and associated legal and
business concerns.  

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DEFINITIONS (CONT).

CODE- A set of rules that are


accepted as general principles, or a
set of written rules that say how
people in a particular organization or
country should behave.
CLASSIFICATION- Systematic
placement in categories
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AIR LEGISLATION

AREA OF CONERN:
1. Loss of crew, passengers, cargo, ground
facilities and the aircraft etc.
2. To introduce and enforce generally accepted
standards of safety.
3. Increase in insurance rates to ensure that
any airline which compromises in safety
matters has little chance of survival.

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INTERNATIONAL AVIATION CONFERENCES.
• 1889 – Paris Conference(The beginning of
aviation conferences but no progress was
made until 1919)
• 1919 – Paris Convention(International
Convention for Aerial Navigation)
Differentiated between Private and
government aircraft.
Intl Air Traffic Association IATA was also
founded ( To enhance international
cooperation between airline operators)
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INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
CONFERENCES Cont.
• 1929 – Warsaw Convention(Intl
Conference on Private Air Law was held
to formulate the Intl Law of the Air)
It introduced rules and regulations to
overcome the difficulties of deciding which
nations law would be applicable in a given
situation.

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INTERNATIONAL AVIATION CONFERENCES CONT.
1944 – Chicago Convention( It was signed to
regulate Civil Aviation on an international bases)
It included almost all the parties involved in the
1919 convention. Additionally ICAO was formed.
1944 – ICAO (HQ in Montreal and part of the
UNO)
1945 – IATA
International Air Transport Association(IATA) was
established by an act of the Canadian Parliament.
One of its major function is the regulation of fares
and routes. (IATA is similar to the IATA founded
in 1919 and has been replaced)
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INTERNATIONAL AVIATION CONFERENCES


CONT.

1948 – Geneva Convention


An ICAO commission met to discuss proposal for
multilateral civil aviation agreement

1972– Following ICAO recommendations the


British Civil Aviation Authority CAA was formed.

The Civil Aviation in the United States is controlled


by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

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INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
CONFERENCES CONT.
-The Bureau Veritas in France and the Luftfaht
Bundesamt (LBA) in Germany carry out
functions similar to those of the CAA.
The Airworthiness Division of the CAA is to ensure
that maintenance of aircraft follow standards.
1980’s – Some countries in Europe decided to
form Joint Aviation Authority (JAA) and forms
part of the European Civil Aviation Conference
ECAC

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THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION.


ICAO

• In Nov. 1944, 52 allied and neutral


nations attended the Chicago
Convention on the invitation of the
Govt. of the USA to discuss the
political, economical and technical
post-war problems of the intl civil
aviation and to devise possible
methods of solution
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MAJOR AGREEMENTS

1. The International Air Services Transit


Agreement.
2. The International Air Transport
Agreement.
3. The Convention on International Civil
Aviation

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THE INTERNATIONAL AIR SERVICES
TRANSIT AGREEMENT

PRIVILEGES (2 Freedoms of the air)


a. The privilege to overfly without landing
b. The privilege to land for non-commercial
purposes

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THE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT
AGREEMENT
PRIVILEGES (3)
1. The privilege to drop off passengers, mail and cargo
having taken on board in the territory of registration of
the aircraft.
2. The privilege to take on board passengers, mail and
cargo destined for the territory of registration of the
aircraft.
3. The privilege to take on board passengers, mail and
cargo destined for the territory of any other contracting
state and the privilege to drop off passengers, mail
and cargo originating from any such territory.

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THE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT
AGREEMENT (CONT.)

• These privileges are internationally known


as the ‘ 5 freedoms of the air’ However,
the 5th freedom has several times been
disobeyed by governments. They refuse to
permit the operation of carriers other than
their national ones for various political
reasons.

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DUTIES OF THE ICAO Cont.


c. The liability of the air carrier to its
passengers.

d. Crime committed on board of aircraft and

e. Unlawful interference with Civil Aviation

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ICAO RESPONSIBILITIES

• To ensure the safe and orderly growth of


international civil aviation throughout the
world.
• To meet the needs of the peoples of the
world for safe, regular, efficient, and
economical air transport and
• To promote safety of flight in international air
navigation

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ICAO RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont.)

As soon as a standard has been adapted it is


put into effect by each ICAO member state in
its own territory. As aviation technology
continues to develop rapidly, the standards are
kept under constant review and amended as
necessary.

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COMPOSITION OF ICAO
• The three main organs of the ICAO are the
ASSEMBLY, the COUNCIL and the SECRETARIAT
headed by the Secretary General.

• THE ASSEMBLY
The Assembly composed of representatives from all
member states. It is the sovereign body of ICAO. The
assembly meets every 3yrs. Every member state has
one vote in the assembly and decisions are made by
a simple majority vote unless otherwise specified.

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DUTIES OF THE ASSEMBLY


1. Makes policy recommendations
2. Review the work of ICAO
3. Offers guidance to other ICAO Bodies
4. Elect the Council
5. Determines the budget
6. Amend the ICAO constitution by two
thirds majority vote

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THE COUNCIL
• The COUNCIL is a permanent ‘ governing body’
composed of 33 Member states elected by the
Assembly for 3yr teams. In selecting the
membership of the Council, the Assembly is
required by the Chicago Convention to give
adequate representation to nations of major
importance in air transport, to nations that
provide the largest share of facilities for
International Civil Air Navigation and to nations
whose inclusion on the Council will ensure
broad geographical representation.
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DUTIES OF THE COUNCIL


1. It provides continuity of the work of the ICAO
2. It ensures that standards and recommended
practices are adopted and incorporated as
annexes to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation.
3. The Council is assisted by the Air Transport
Commission in technical matters
4. Assisted by Air Transport Committee in
Economic matters
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THE SECRETARIAT
• The secretariat is headed by the Secretary
General, who is appointed by the
COUNCIL. The SG appoints the staff of the
ICAO secretariat and supervises and
directs its activities.
• The ICAO HQ is in Montreal and maintains
regional offices in Paris, Bankok, Cairo,
Mexico City, Nairobi, Lima and Dakar to
assist in providing aeronautical services.
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STANDARDIZATION

This is one of the major field of the


ICAO activities. The establishment of
international standards,
recommended practices and
procedures.

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THE INTL. STANDARDS COVER THE FOLLOWING:

1. The technical field of aviation( maintenance,


overhaul etc)
2. Licensing of personnel
3. Rules of the air (cruising speed, height etc)
4. Aeronautical meteorology (visibility, clouds
etc.)
5. Aeronautical charts ( Maps, VOR charts
etc.)
6. Units of measurements ( Knots)
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THE INTL. STANDARDS COVER THE
FOLLOWING(Cont.)

8. Nationality and registration marks


9. Airworthiness.
10. Aeronautical Telecommunications
11. Air traffic services
12. Search and rescue
13. Aircraft accident inquiry
14. Aerodromes
15. Aeronautical information services
16. Aircraft noise
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LICENSING OF PERSONNEL

• To issue licenses for aircraft maintenance


personnel is within the responsibility of the
aviation authority of each country. The
ICAO lays down certain minimum
standards or guide lines which national
standards must not fall.

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LICENSING (Extract)

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LICENSING CONT.

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LICENSING CONT.

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MILESTONE IN AIRLEGISLATION
1. 1889 Paris Convention
2. 1919 Paris Convention
3. 1929 Warsaw Convention
4. 1944 Chicago Convention
5. 1944 ICAO
6. 1945 IATA
7. 1948 Geneva Convention

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LOGISTICS IN AVIATION
• Aircraft documentation
• Parts catalogues
• Material supply in aviation

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OBJECTIVE

• To explain the standard structure provided by


the Air Transport Association of America ATA
100 specification.
• List the general range of documentation
usually accompanying an aircraft on delivery.
• Comprehend the structure of aircraft
documentation produced in accordance with
ATA 100
• State the purpose and general structure of
part catalogues
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OBJECTIVE ( Cont.)
• Find specified part and part number in an
existing IPC
• List the overall objective of material supply
in aviation.

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STANDARDIZATION
• The (AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION AMERICA)
ATA Specification 100 provides a standardised
breakdown for civil aircraft manuals and
documentation. It forms the basis for a
standard breakdown for military aircraft
documents with additional chapters added to
cover the roles established by the more
specialised need of the military ie armament,
sensors etc.
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AN EXTRACT FROM THE ATA 100

• The ATA Specification 100 establishes a standard


for the presentation of certain data produced by
aircraft, engine and components manufacturers,
required for support of their respective products.
• Airframe manufacturers manuals shall include all
data covering the complete aircraft, its units and
components( ie generators, instruments, radio
equipment) where such equipment is installed on
the aircraft at the time of delivery to the operator

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AN EXTRACT FROM THE ATA 100
Cont.
• Airframe manufactures manuals shall also cover
power plant and propeller installation data pertinent to
that airframe and shall make provision for inclusion of
engine and propeller manufacturers data.
• Material supplies by the accessory or component
manufacture shall cover all his equipment in
accordance with the pertinent sections of this
specification
• A vendor’s equipment will normally be supported by
separate documentation.

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AIRCRAFT DOCUMENT ON FIRST
DELIVERY
1. Flight manual
2. Pilots operating handbook
3. Maintenance manual
4. Repair and overhaul manual
5. Illustrated part parts catalogue
6. Ground support equipment
7. Vendor’s manual

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DOCUMENTATION
• Irrespective of the size, all aircraft documentation
are produced in accordance with the ATA
Specification 100 and arranged in:
a. Chapters referring to the aircraft’s systems
b. Sections referring to the sub-systems
c. Subjects referring to units
CHAPTERS
Chapter 09 – Aircraft towing and taxiing
Chapter 32 - Landing gear
Chapter 28 – Fuel system

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DOCUMENTATION CONT.
SUB-SECTIONS AND UNITS (These are
identified by 2 additional digits each)
The fuel cells are covered in chapter 28 ‘Fuel
System’, section 28 – 10, ‘Storage System’,
subject
28 – 10 – 01 SECTION (SUB-
CHAPTER(SYSTEM) SUBJECT(UNIT)
SYSTEM

28 - 10 - 01

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DOCUMENTATION CONT.
• The vast majority of both civil and military
aircraft documentation follows this
standardised breakdown. However,
customised systems sometimes found in
military environments may be different.

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ATA 100 STANDARD CHAPTER


BREAKDOWN
00. Aircraft General
01-03NILL
04.Airworthiness Limitations
05.Time Limits/Maintenance Checks
06.Dimensions and Areas
07.Lifting and Shoring
08.Levelling and weighing
09.Towing and Taxing
10.Parking and Mooring
11. Placard and Markings
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CHAPTER BREAKDOWN CONT.

12.Servicing
13. To 19. Nill
20. Standard Practices, Airframe
21. Air Conditioning
22. Auto Flight
23. Communication
24. Electrical Power

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CHAPTER BREAKDOWN CONT.


25  EQUIPMENT / FURNISHINGS
26  FIRE PROTECTION
27  FLIGHT CONTROLS
28  FUEL
29  HYDRAULIC POWER
30  ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION
31  INDICATING / RECORDING SYSTEMS
32  LANDING GEAR
33  LIGHTS
34  NAVIGATION
35  OXYGEN
36  PNEUMATIC
37  VACUUM
38  WATER / WASTE
39  ELECTRICAL - ELECTRONIC PANELS AND MULTIPURPOSE COMPONENTS

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CHAPTER BREAKDOWN CONT.
41  WATER BALLAST
45  CENTRAL MAINTENANCE SYSTEM (CMS)
46  INFORMATION SYSTEMS
49  AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER
51  STANDARD PRACTICES AND STRUCTURES - GENERAL
52  DOORS
53  FUSELAGE
54  NACELLES / PYLONS
55  STABILIZERS
56  WINDOWS
57  WINGS
60  STANDARD PRACTICES - PROPELLER / ROTOR

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CHAPTER BREAKDOWN CONT.
41  WATER BALLAST
45  CENTRAL MAINTENANCE SYSTEM (CMS)
46  INFORMATION SYSTEMS
49  AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER
51  STANDARD PRACTICES AND STRUCTURES - GENERAL
52  DOORS
53  FUSELAGE
54  NACELLES / PYLONS
55  STABILIZERS
56  WINDOWS
57  WINGS
60  STANDARD PRACTICES - PROPELLER / ROTOR

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CHAPTER BREAKDOWN CONT.
73  ENGINE - FUEL AND CONTROL
74  IGNITION
75  BLEED AIR
76  ENGINE CONTROLS
77  ENGINE INDICATING
78  EXHAUST
79  OIL
80  STARTING
81  TURBINES (RECIPROCATING ENGINES)
82  WATER INJECTION
83  ACCESSORY GEAR BOXES (ENGINE DRIVEN)
84  PROPULSION AUGMENTATION
91  CHARTS

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ABBREVIATION
1. AR- as required
2. assy- assembly
3. Dia- diameter
4. Ft- feet
5. Fwd- forward
6. HE- high energy
7. HFC – hydro mechanical fuel control
8. HP- high pressure
9. HT- high tension
10. in- inch
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ABBREVIATION Cont.
11. LH- left hand
12. LP- low pressure
13. LT- low tension
14. mm- millimeter
15. Mod- modification
16. o/s- oversize
17. RF- reference
18. RH- right hand
19. SB- service bulleting
20. TR- repair scheme
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MATERIAL SUPPLY IN AVIATION

• The objective of aviation material supply is


to have the necessary spares, tools, plant
and equipment available:
1. In the right place
2. At the required time
3. In correct quantities
4. Of recognised quality xxxxxxxxx
5. At economic cost

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SUPPLY SYSTEM
• Aircraft manufacturers and their vendors
pledge to make available to all operators
an adequate product support service
which includes the spares and materials
needed for operational maintenance.
• The services includes:
Aircraft on ground priority service(AOG)
Urgent repair requirement service(URR)
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SUPPLY SYSTEM Cont.


• Lead Time- It can be defined as the time
in days, weeks or months it may take for
an out- of –stock component to be
replaced.
• It is very important for planning.

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OTHER ITEMS
• Goods Flow Cycle
• Warehouse Organisation
• Location Numbering System
• Supply Forms- Issue vouchers, return
vouchers, exchange vouchers, transfer
and conversion vouchers, local and
unofficial proforma

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GOODS FLOW CYCLE

• The flow cycle of aviation materials are closely linked to


the policy decision of the Air force or airline ‘s supply
management. In general 3 order policies are integrated
into most military aviation supply system. These are:
• The fixed re-order cycle
• The 2 stage re-order system
• The exponential smoothed quantity
The integration and balancing of these policies will
produce a material flow cycle that would meet all
maintenance needs.

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MATERIAL FLOW CYCLE


• Regular equal intake in phase with regular equal
demand.
• Regular and equal intake, smooth continuous
demand.
• Regular bulk intake, equal or smooth continuous
demand.
• Regular equal intake and demand but out of
phase.
• Lead time variable, demand regular and steady

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WAREHOUSE ORGANIZATION
• The holding capacity and the layout is normally
determined by the supply role of the depot where
the warehouse is established.
• To allow for smooth workflow within the
warehouse, storage area must allow for:
a. Safe ie protected storage of material
b. Quick access for the issue of material
c. Smooth approach and departure of vehicle
d. Efficient loading and unloading of vehicles.

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WAREHOUSE ORGANIZATION Cont.

• The storage area should be established in such


a way that personnel, goods or the
environment are not endangered by materials.
e.g by fire, explosion, ground contamination,
ground water and flooding.

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END OF LESSON

QUESTION
TIME

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