9th Week - Training Methods II

E-Learning and Use of Technology in
Training
Technology’s Influence on
Training and Learning
 New technologies have made it possible

to:
 reduce the costs associated with delivering
training.
 increase the effectiveness of the learning
environment.
 help training contribute to business goals.
8-2
Training and Learning (cont.)
 New training delivery and instructional

methods include:
 online learning (e-learning)
 distance learning
 simulations
 virtual reality
 expert systems
 electronic support systems
 learning management systems
8-3
 Benefits of Technology
 Employees can gain control over when and
where they receive training.
 Employees can access knowledge and expert
systems on an as-needed basis.
 The learning environment can look, feel, and
sound just like the work environment.
 Employees can choose the type of media they
want to use in a training program.
8-4
 Benefits of Technology
 Paperwork and time needed for administrative
activities is reduced.
 Employees’ accomplishments during training
can be monitored.
 Traditional training methods can be delivered
to trainees rather than requiring them to
come to a central training location.
8-5
 Prior to the introduction of new

technology:
 Trainees played a passive role in learning.
 Interaction among learners occurred primarily
outside the training room and tended to be
limited.
 Due to technology, learning has become
a more dynamic process.
 Instructor is more of a coach and resource
person. 8-6
Types of Learning Environments
8-7
Classroom Learning Environment
 Internet technology has permitted the development of

electronic networks that integrate voice, video, and data
connections among learners, instructors, and experts.
 Learning used to be a very linear process. That is,
instructors presented information to the learners; practice
and applications then occurred after instruction was
completed.
 Traditionally, the learning environment included only the
instructor or trainer and the learners. The trainer was
responsible for delivering content, answering questions,
and testing learning. Trainees played a passive role in
learning. Communication on course content was one-way:
from the instructor to the learner.
8-8
Classroom Learning Environment
(Cont..)
 Experts and resource materials were separate from the

learning environment. Contact with resource materials
and experts beyond the instructor and course materials
assigned for the course required learners to go outside the
formal learning environment. Also, learners had to wait to
access resource materials and experts until instruction
was completed. Interaction among learners occurred
primarily outside the training room and tended to be
limited to those who worked in the same geographic area
8-9
8-10
Technological Learning
Environment
 Technology has allowed learning to become a more

dynamic process. The learning environment can be
expanded to include greater interaction between learners
and the training content as well as between learners and
the instructor. The trainer may help design the
instruction, but the instruction is primarily delivered to the
learners through technology such as online learning,
simulations, or iPods.
 The instructor becomes more of a coach and resource
person to answer students’ questions and is less involved
in delivery of training content.
8-11
Technological Learning
Environment (Cont..)
 Learning occurs primarily through communicating with

other learners, working on virtual team projects,
participating in games, listening, exchanging ideas,
interacting with experts (engineers, managers, etc.), and
discovering ideas and applications using hyperlinks that
take the learner to other Web sites.
 Experts and resource materials may be part of the
learning environment. While learners interact with the
training content through exercises, applications, and
simulations, they can discuss what they are learning with
other learners or access experts or resource materials
available on the Internet.
8-12
8-13
Blended Learning Environment
 In the blended learning environment, trainees have access

to a blended training curriculum that consists of both
online and classroom instruction. Collaboration can occur
between learners, between learners and instructors, and
between learners and experts.
 Although new technologies allow for the creation of a
dynamic learning environment, it is important to include
collaboration, active learner involvement, and access to
other resources in the design and development of the
training program. Use of new technology requires building
these capabilities into the training program.
8-14
 Technology has enabled training to be delivered to
different geographical locations, to accompany trainees
whether they are at work or at home (mobile technology),
and to be completed online using a personal computer.
For example, online learning, or e-learning,
videoconferencing.
 Mobile technologies allow training to be delivered through
iPods, personal data assistants (PDAs), and handheld
computers that allow trainees to tune in to training
programs at any time or place. Web-based training and e-
learning support virtual reality, animation, interactions,
communications among trainees and real-time audio and
video.
8-15
Technology and Multimedia
 Multimedia training - combines

audiovisual training methods with
computer-based training.
8-16
Table 8.2 - Advantages and
Disadvantages of Multimedia Training
8-17
Computer-Based Training
 It is an interactive training experience in

which:
 the computer provides the learning stimulus.
 the trainee must respond.
 the computer analyzes the responses and
provides feedback to the trainee.
 It includes interactive video, CD-ROM,
and online learning.
 CD-ROMs and DVDs utilize a laser to read
text, graphics, audio, and video off an
aluminum disk. 8-18
Computer-Based Training (cont.)
 Interactive video - instruction is provided

one-on-one to trainees via a monitor
connected to a keyboard.
 Online learning, or e-learning - instruction
and delivery of training by computer online
through the Internet or the Web.
Internet-based or Web-based, training -
training delivered on public or private computer
networks and displayed by a Web browser.
Intranet-based training - training that uses the
company’s own computer network; accessible only
to the company’s employees. 8-19
Computer-Based Training
 Technology for collaboration and linking

 Bandwidth - number of bytes and bits
(information) that can travel between
computers per second.
 Online learning should try to build in
interactivity without requiring the use of
plug-ins - additional software that needs to
be loaded on the computer to listen to sound
or watch video.
8-20
Computer-Based Training (cont.)
 Technology for collaboration and linking

 Hyperlinks - links that allow a trainee to
access other Web sites that include printed
materials as well as communications links to
experts, trainers, and other learners.
 Learning portals – Web sites or online
learning centers that provide, via e-commerce
transactions, access to training courses,
services, and online learning communities
from many sources.
8-21
Advantages of E-Learning
8-22
Factors Limiting the Use of E-
Learning
8-23
Simulations
 Avatars - computer depictions of

humans that are used as imaginary
coaches, coworkers, and customers in
simulations.
8-24
Simulations
Advantages Disadvantages
 Eliminates the need to travel to a  High development costs.
central training location.  Trainees may not be comfortable
 Meaningful—gets trainees in learning situations that lack
involved in learning, and are human contact.
emotionally engaging.
 Simulators provide a consistent
message of what needs to be
learned.
 Can safely put employees in
situations that would be
dangerous in the real world.
 Results in positive outcomes as
shorter training times and
increased ROI.
8-25
Simulations (cont.)
Virtual reality -  Allows trainees to  Poor equipment
computer-based practice dangerous that results in a
technology that tasks without reduced sense of
provides trainees putting themselves presence.
with a three- or others in  Poor presence may
dimensional learning danger. result in the trainee
experience allowing  More memory experiencing
them to experience available for simulator sickness.
presence. learning.
8-26
Simulations (cont.)
Virtual worlds-  Imitates an actual workplace  Lack of ease of use for
computer-based, without any harm. first-time users.
simulated, three  Provides a place to meet with  Potential risk of a
dimensional trainers, managers, or other difficult keyboard and
representation of employees who can serve as mouse interface.
the real world teachers.  High investment of
and a place to  Useful for teaching time and money
host learning
interpersonal skills. required for
programs or
 Motivates learners by making programming content.
experiences.
learning fun and interactive.  Lack of evidence
 Enhances transfer of training. supporting its
 Used for e-learning, effectiveness for
learning.
collaboration, and meetings.
8-27
Choosing New Technology
Training Methods
 New technology training methods should

be considered when:
 Sufficient budget and resources are provided.
 Trainees are geographically dispersed.
 Trainees are comfortable using technology.
 It is a part of the company’s business strategy
and suits its culture.
 Employees have a difficult time attending
scheduled training programs.
 Current training methods allow limited time
for practice, feedback, and assessment. 8-28

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E-Learning and Use of Technology in

 New technologies have made it possible

 New training delivery and instructional

 Prior to the introduction of new

 Internet technology has permitted the development of

 Experts and resource materials were separate from the

 Technology has allowed learning to become a more

 Learning occurs primarily through communicating with

 In the blended learning environment, trainees have access

 Multimedia training - combines

 It is an interactive training experience in

 Interactive video - instruction is provided

 Technology for collaboration and linking

 Technology for collaboration and linking

 Avatars - computer depictions of

 New technology training methods should

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