ISLA

M
JULIANA PENADO
NICA BUHAT
RAY VILLEGAS
It is better to sit alone than in company with the bad;
and it is better still to sit with the good than alone. It is
better to speak to a seeker of knowledge than to
remain silent; but silence is better than idle words.

- Prophet Muhammad
 01

Islam
Founde
r
Prophet Muhammad
 Islam
Islam is the second largest religion in the world
after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims
worldwide. Although its roots go back further,
scholars typically date the creation of Islam to the
7th century, making it the youngest of the major
world religions. Islam started in Mecca, in
modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the time of the
prophet Muhammad’s life. Today, the faith is
spreading rapidly throughout the world.
 Who is Muhammad?
● The prophet Muhammad, sometimes spelled
Mohammed or Mohammad, was born in Mecca,
Saudi Arabia, in 570 A.D. Muslims believe he was
the final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith
to mankind.
● According to Islamic texts and tradition, an angel
named Gabriel visited Muhammad in 610 A.D.
while he was meditating in a cave. The angel
ordered Muhammad to recite the words of Allah.
● Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to
receive revelations from Allah throughout the rest
of his life.
● Starting in about 613, Muhammad began preaching
throughout Mecca the messages he received. He
taught that there was no other God but Allah and
that Muslims should devote their lives to this God.
 02
SACRED
TEXTS OF
ISLAM
QUR’AN AND HADITH
QUR’AN
The Quran (sometimes spelled Qur’an or Koran) is considered the most important holy
book among Muslims.
It contains some basic information that is found in the Hebrew Bible as well as
revelations that were given to Muhammad. The text is considered the sacred word of
God and supercedes any previous writings.
Most Muslims believe that Muhammad’s scribes wrote down his words, which became
the Quran. (Muhammad himself was never taught to read or write.)
The book is written with Allah as the first person, speaking through Gabriel to
Muhammad. It contains 114 chapters, which are called surahs.
Scholars believe the Quran was compiled shortly after Muhammad’s death, under the
guidance of Caliph Abu Bakr.
HADITH
Hadith, Arabic Ḥadīth (“News” or “Story”), corpus of the sayings or traditions
of the Prophet Muhammad, revered by Muslims as a major source of
religious law and moral guidance. It comprises many reports of varying
length and authenticity. The individual reports are also called hadith (plural:
hadiths). The word hadith is derived from the Arabic root ḥ-d-th—signifying
“to happen,” “to occur,” or “to come to pass”—and encompasses a range of
literal meanings, including “conversation,” “discussion,” “speech,” and “small
talk.” In English the term is translated variously as “report,” “saying,” or
“tradition.” It is closely related to Sunnah (literally “established custom or
habitual practice”), which in an Islamic context refers to the norms and
practices affirmed or instituted by Muhammad.
 03
ISLAM
DOCTRINES
FIVE PILLARS OF
ISLAM
Muslims follow five basic pillars that are essential to their faith. These
include:
Shahada: to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Muhammad
Salat: to pray five times a day (at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and
evening)
Zakat: to give to those in need
Sawm: to fast during Ramadan
Hajj: to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during a person’s
lifetime if the person is able
 04

ALLA
H
THE GOD OF ISLAM
ALLAH
Allah, Arabic Allāh (“God”), the one and only God in Islam.
Etymologically, the name Allah is probably a contraction of the Arabic al-Ilāh, “the God.”
The name’s origin can be traced to the earliest Semitic writings in which the word for
god was il, el, or eloah, the latter two used in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). Allah
is the standard Arabic word for God and is used by Arabic-speaking Christians and
Jews as well as by Muslims. The association of the word specifically with Islam comes
from the special status of Arabic as the language of Islam’s holy scripture, the Qurʾān:
since the Qurʾān in its original language is considered to be the literal word of God, it
is believed that God described himself in the Arabic language as Allāh. The Arabic
word thus holds special significance for Muslims, regardless of their native tongue,
because the Arabic word was spoken by God himself.
FACTS
ABOUT
ISLAM
 The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God.”
Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in
Arabic is known as Allah.
Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. They
believe that nothing can happen without Allah’s permission, but
humans have free will.
Islam teaches that Allah’s word was revealed to the prophet Muhammad
 through the angel Gabriel.
Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allah’s law. They respect some of the
same prophets as Jews and Christians, including Abraham, Moses, Noah and Jesus.
Muslims contend that Muhammad was the final prophet.
Mosques are places where Muslims worship.
Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, the Al-Aqsa mosque in
Jerusalem, and the Prophet Muhammad’s mosque in Medina.
The Quran (or Koran) is the major holy text of Islam. The Hadith is another important book.
Muslims also revere some material found in the Judeo-Christian Bible.
Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the Quran. They believe there will be a day of
judgment, and life after death.
A central idea in Islam is “jihad,” which means “struggle.” While the term has been used
negatively in mainstream culture, Muslims believe it refers to internal and external efforts
to defend their faith. Although rare, this can include military jihad if a “just war” is needed.
Thank you
for listening!