Prime Movers in The Agricultural and Bio Production Systems

DEN MARK DUALLO
WORK EXPERIENCE:
FORKLIFT OPERATOR & CAR LOADER AND MIXER
ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
-FORKLIFT NC II
-ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION NC II
-PV INSTALLATION NC II
-DOMRAC NC II
-RICE MACHINERY NC II 27 YEARS OLD
-SMALL ENGINE NC II A.O FLOIRENDO NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
• PLAYED DATU AMBANAN IN PUROK-5 BRGY. LOWER PANAGA
INDAK INDAK SA KADAYAWAN 2022 PANABO CITY
ARNEL SUMOBAY
29 YEARS OLD
F.BANGOY NATIONAL
HIGHSCHOOL
KM.14 PANACAN DAVAO
CITY
ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
-FORKLIFT NC II
-DOMRAC NC II
-RICE MACHINERY NC II
-MOTORCYCLE SMALL ENGINE
NC II CHAMPION OF DOTA 2 IN
SPORT FEST 2019
ICE BREAKER
BABY!!!
CHARADES
PRE TEST!!!
IDENTIFICATION:
1. -2. Name the two types of electric motors.

3. It is used as prime movers for stationary and indoor equipment such as
dryers, rice mills, conveyors and size reduction equipment.
4. It is used as prime movers for mobile and outdoor machinery such as
tractors, water pumps, sprayer, harvester, thresher and Sheller.
5. What does TDC stands for?
6. What does BDC stands for?
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
2. A series of events occurring one after the other in a definite sequence and
repeats itself after the last event has occurred.
a. Series
b. Cycle
c. Stroke
d. None of the above
2. Highest position attained by the piston when it goes up.
a. BDC
b. ABC
c. TDC
d. DCC
3. Engine uses a spark produced in the spark plug to ignite the compressed air-
fuel mixture.
e. Spark-ignition engine
f. Spark plug
g. Four-stroke-cycle engine
h. All of the above
4. As the piston goes up, both the inlet and exhaust ports will be covered to start
the compression event.
i. Upward Stroke
j. Downward Stroke
k. Middle Stroke
l. Both A and B
PRIME MOVERS IN THE
AGRICULTURAL AND BIO-
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Den Mark Duallo
Arnel Sumobay
1.SOURCE OF POWER IN FARM
Human, animals and machines are all used as sources of

power in agriculture production. When undertaking different
operation on a farm, a certain amount of work is required to
complete the task.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL POWER
Human Power
• Land preparation
• Plant establishment
• Pest control
• Crops harvesting and transporting
• Grain processing
HUMAN AND ANIMAL POWER
Animal Power
Animals are still used as the major power
source in many countries. Land preparation,
weed management, crop threshing and transport are
undertaken using animal power.
Advantages or Disadvantages of animal power
Advantages
• Cheap to maintain
• Multi purpose use for meat and milk
• Self-replacement
• Manure production
Advantages or Disadvantages of animal power
Disadvantages
• Animals have limited daily working hours
• Animal need feeding and protection against pest and disease.
• Slow
• Limited range of working conditions
ELECTRIC MOTORS
2 kind of electric motor (AC and DC motor)
(AC) an AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating

current (AC). The AC motor commonly consists of two basic
parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating
current to produce a rotating magnetic field.
AC MOTOR
DC MOTOR
• A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical
motors that converts direct current (DC) electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
ELECTRIC MOTORS
• Electric motors are used as prime movers for
stationary and indoor equipment such as dryers, rice
mills, conveyors and size reduction equipment.
• Engine are used as prime movers for mobile and
outdoor machinery such as tractors, water pumps,
sprayer, harvester, thresher and Sheller.
ADVANTAGES
• Low initial cost
• Long life
• Compact
• Simple to operate
• Quite operation
• No exhaust fumes
• Potential for automatic control
DISADVANTAGES
• Not adopted to mobile applications such as engines
• Use only in farms with existing electric lines
• Affected by power outages
INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINES
CONSTRUCTION AND PARTS OF ENGINE
 The engine is composed of parts that convert reciprocating

linear motion into rotational motion.
CYCLE OF OPERATION OF AN ENGINE:
 Cycle – series of events occurring one after the other in a definite

sequence and repeats itself after the last event has occurred.
 The events which make up the cycle of an engine are:
1. Intake – air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber.

2. Compression – air-fuel mixture is compressed inside the
combustion chamber.
3. Power – spark is produced and the air-fuel mixture is ignited
resulting to a very rapid expansion of the burning mixture. This
constitutes the power of the engine.
4. Exhaust – burned gases are removed from the combustion
chamber and the cycle is repeated.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES:
1) Based on the number of strokes to complete the cycle:
 TDC (Top Dead Center) – highest position attained by the piston

when it goes up.
 BDC (Bottom Dead Center) – lowest position attained by the piston
when it goes down.
 Stroke – movement of the piston from TDC to BDC or vice versa.
a. Four-stroke-cycle engine – engine requiring four strokes of the

piston to complete the cycle.
b. Two-stroke-cycle engine – engine requiring only two strokes of the
piston to complete the cycle.
1. Downward stroke – At the beginning of the stroke, power
event is being accomplished. Towards the end of the stroke,
the piston uncovers a port at the side of the cylinder to start
the exhaust event. Still further down, the piston uncovers the
inlet port, to start the intake event.
2. Upward stroke – as the piston goes up, both the inlet and
exhaust ports will be covered to start the compression event.
2) Based on the manner of igniting the fuel:
a. Spark-ignition engine – engine uses a spark produced in the

spark plug to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture.
b. Compression-ignition engine – engine uses heat of
compressed air to ignite the fuel.
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
The first definition emphasized the scope of services and the different
levels of mechanization
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
• The second definition dealt with the objectives and

benefits from mechanization.
POTENTIAL BENEFITS FROM MECHANIZATION
1. INCREASE CROPPING INTENSITY AND PRODUCTION

 Tractors, power tillers, harvesters and thresher increase
cropping intensities.
 Irrigation pumps increase yields
 Harvester and threshers reduce losses which effectively
increase yields.
2. INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOR
 Tractors in land preparation reduce 50% of the labor inputs
 However, labor for land preparation in the Philippines comprise
mainly family.
 Freed family labor can look for alternative work opportunities
children can go to school.
3. REDUCTION OF LOSSES
 Development of harvesting, threshing and processing machines
reduce harvest and postharvest losses.
 Losses: Rice 10 – 37%, Corn: 30%
4. IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
 Local agricultural machinery manufacturing will minimize the
importation of agricultural machinery.
5. EXPORT POSSIBILITIES
 Locally manufactured agricultural machinery can be exported to
countries with similar farming conditions such as the Philippines.
6. EMPLOYMENT AND LIVELIHOOD GENERATION
 Machines designed to increase cropping intensities and

production will correspondingly increase labor requirements for
production and postharvest operations.
 Machines designed to diversify farm products and by products
open up various livelihood opportunities.
 Use of machines will require the putting up of repair shops in
the village areas
7. IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
 Local agricultural machinery manufacturing will

minimize the importation of agricultural machinery
8. EXPORT POSSIBILITIES
 Locally manufactured agricultural machinery can be

exported to countries with similar farming conditions
such as the Philippines
Tractors and their Transmission Systems
THANK YOU!
POST TEST:
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. – 8. Give the 8 potential benefits of mechanization.

11. – 12. Give the 4 types of engine.
13. – 14. Name the 2 kinds of motors.
15. – 17. Name the 3 sources of power in the farm.
18. – 20. Name at least 3 advantages of electric motors

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DEN MARK DUALLO

1. -2. Name the two types of electric motors.

Human, animals and machines are all used as sources of

(AC) an AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating

 The engine is composed of parts that convert reciprocating

 Cycle – series of events occurring one after the other in a definite

1. Intake – air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber.

1) Based on the number of strokes to complete the cycle:

 TDC (Top Dead Center) – highest position attained by the piston

a. Four-stroke-cycle engine – engine requiring four strokes of the

2) Based on the manner of igniting the fuel:

a. Spark-ignition engine – engine uses a spark produced in the

• The second definition dealt with the objectives and

1. INCREASE CROPPING INTENSITY AND PRODUCTION

 Machines designed to increase cropping intensities and

 Local agricultural machinery manufacturing will

 Locally manufactured agricultural machinery can be

1. – 8. Give the 8 potential benefits of mechanization.

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