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    Strabismus

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    Wardah
    Strabismus, or crossed eyes, is an eye misalignment where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It can be inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia). Strabismus is classified based on onset (congenital or acquired), laterality (unilateral or alternating), direction, and etiology. Common causes include prematurity, family history, refractive errors, and neurodevelopmental problems. Treatment depends on the type of strabismus but may involve eyeglasses, vision therapy, patching, or surgery to strengthen or weaken eye muscles.

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    Strabismus

    Uploaded by

    Wardah
    68 views21 pages
    Strabismus, or crossed eyes, is an eye misalignment where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It can be inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia). Strabismus is classified based on onset (congenital or acquired), laterality (unilateral or alternating), direction, and etiology. Common causes include prematurity, family history, refractive errors, and neurodevelopmental problems. Treatment depends on the type of strabismus but may involve eyeglasses, vision therapy, patching, or surgery to strengthen or weaken eye muscles.

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    Strabismus, or crossed eyes, is an eye misalignment where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It can be inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia). Strabismus is classified based on onset (congenital or acquired), laterality (unilateral or alternating), direction, and etiology. Common causes include prematurity, family history, refractive errors, and neurodevelopmental problems. Treatment depends on the type of strabismus but may involve eyeglasses, vision therapy, patching, or surgery to strengthen or weaken eye muscles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    68 views21 pages

    Strabismus

    Uploaded by

    Wardah
    Strabismus, or crossed eyes, is an eye misalignment where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It can be inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia). Strabismus is classified based on onset (congenital or acquired), laterality (unilateral or alternating), direction, and etiology. Common causes include prematurity, family history, refractive errors, and neurodevelopmental problems. Treatment depends on the type of strabismus but may involve eyeglasses, vision therapy, patching, or surgery to strengthen or weaken eye muscles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    STRABISMUS

    Marlyanti N. Akib

    Departemen I.K Mata FK UNHAS


    Definition
    • Strabismus, often called "crossed-eyes" or "wall eyes," is a condition
    in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. One eye is
    either constantly or intermittently turned in (esotropia), out
    (exotropia), up (hypertropia) or down (hypotropia)
    Classification
    • Latency
    • Manifest (-tropia) :
    • Strabismus which is present while the patient views a target binocularly, with no occlusion
    of either eye.
    • The patient is unable to align the gaze of each eye to achieve fusion
    • Latent (-phoria)
    • Strabismus which is only present after binocular vision has been interrupted, typically by
    covering one eye.
    • This type of patient can typically maintain fusion despite the misalignment that occurs
    when the positioning system is relaxed.
    • Intermittent strabismus is a combination of both of these types, where the
    patient can achieve fusion, but occasionally or frequently falters to the point of
    a manifest deviation.
    Classification cont..
    • Onset :
    • Congenital :
    • Many infants are born with their eyes slightly misaligned, and this is typically outgrown
    by six to 12 months of age
    • Acquired
    • The onset of
    accommodative esotropia, an overconvergence of the eyes due to the effort of
    accommodation, is mostly in early childhood
    • Acquired non-accommodative strabismus and secondary strabismus are developed after
    normal binocular vision has developed
    • Secondary
    Classification cont..
    • Laterality
    • Unilateral : if the one eye consistently deviates
    • Alternating : if either of the eyes can be seen to deviate
    Classification cont..
    • Direction
    Etiology
    • Prematurity
    • Family history
    • Refractive error
    • Poor neurodevelopmental error
    • Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
    • Structural anomalies
    • Defect in cortical fusion mechanism
    • Anatomical anomalies of extraocular muscle
    Esotropia
    • Infantile esotropia
    • Acquired esotropia
    • Accommodative esotropia
    • Nonaccommodative esotropia
    • Acute esotropia / VI nerve palsy
    • Mechanical esotropia
    • Secondary esotropia
    • Sensory esotropia
    • Consecutive esotropia
    • Microesotropia
    Infantile esotropia
    • esotropia begins in the developmentally
    and neurologically normal child during
    the first 6 months of life
    • The angle is usually fairly large (>30 PD) and
    stable
    • The refractive error is usually normal
    for the age of the child (about +1.50D)
    • Management : Squint surgery
    • Strengtherning and weakening of extraocular
    muscle
    Accommodative esotropia
    • Esotropia is physiological response to excessive
    hypermetropia, usually between +4.00 D
    and +7.00 D
    • The magnitude of the deviation varies little
    (usually <10 PD)
    • Deviation present at about the age of 2.5
    years (range of 6 months to 7 years)
    • Management : Full correction of hypermetropia
     eyeglassess no surgery !!
    Acute esotropia
    • Develops suddenly without any apparent etiology in a school-aged or older patient
    with previously normal binocular vision
    • may result from an underlying and potentially life-threatening disease process 
    requires immediate evaluation
    • Etiology :
    • Neoplasma
    • Head injury
    • Intracranial aneurysm
    • Hydrocephalus
    • Myasthenia gravis
    • Sixth nerve palsy
    • Decompensation of esophoria or microtropia
    • Management : Depends on etiology.
    Long standing case  surgery
    Exotropia
    • Infantile exotropia
    • Acquired exotropia
    • Intermittent exotropia
    • Acute exotropia
    • Mechanical exotropia
    • Secondary exotropia
    • Sensory exotropia
    • Consecutive exotropia
    • Microexotropia
    Infantile exotropia

    • Presentation is at birth
    • Normal refraction
    • Large and constant angle
    • Neurological anomalies are
    frequently present
    • Management : Squint surgery
    Intermittent exotropia
    • Presentation is most frequently at around
    2 years with exophoria, which breakdown
    to exotropia under condition of
    • Visual inattention
    • Bright light (closing one eye)
    • Fatigue
    • Ill health
    • Refractive errors similar to those in the
    nonstrabismic population
    • Management : Observation VS surgery
    Other type of strabismus….
    Third nerve palsy
    Sixth nerve palsy
    Fourth nerve palsy
    Thank you for your kind attention !!

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