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Sumerian Civilization

The Sumerians developed many important technologies including copper fabrication, cuneiform writing, irrigation, sailboats, wheels, bricks for construction, roads, the plow, weapons, and board games. These inventions transformed how humans farmed, built shelters, communicated, recorded information, and spent leisure time. Irrigation allowed for year-round agriculture and a surplus of food. Cuneiform writing was the first recorded form of human communication. Many Sumerian technologies remained in use for millennia and still influence modern society.

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424 views23 pages

Sumerian Civilization

The Sumerians developed many important technologies including copper fabrication, cuneiform writing, irrigation, sailboats, wheels, bricks for construction, roads, the plow, weapons, and board games. These inventions transformed how humans farmed, built shelters, communicated, recorded information, and spent leisure time. Irrigation allowed for year-round agriculture and a surplus of food. Cuneiform writing was the first recorded form of human communication. Many Sumerian technologies remained in use for millennia and still influence modern society.

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Ritche - kun
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SUMERIAN

CIVILIZATION
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected
to;

• learn the inventions technologies invented


by the Sumerian people.
• determine the effects of technologies to
the society.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
Sumerians are known for their high degree of cooperation with one
another and their desire for great things. They are not contented with
the basic things that life can offer. This desire pushed them to develop
many things connected with science and technology.
10 SUMERIAN
DISCOVERIES
THAT REWROTE HISTORY
1. FABRICATION OF COPPER
- Copper was the earliest non-precious metal first used by
the Sumerians, and somewhere around 5000 BC they
developed the ability to fabricate it. The discovery of this
process is one of the greatest inventions in Mesopotamia.
At first, copper was used to made arrowheads, razors,
harpoons, and other small objects.
- Later they also began creating vessels, chisels , and
jugs, from copper. These objects reveal the excellent
craftsmanship of the Sumerians . Today copper
fabrication has revealed another level but it was the
Sumerians who kicked started this process of copper
fabrication.
2. CUNEIFORM SCRIPT
- Cuneiform Script isn’t just ancient in fact it’s the
oldest writing form in the world, it was invented by
the Sumerians in 3400 BCE.
-These patterns represent word signs which they
use to keep a records of things with great
historical value or their everyday life.
-In cuneiform script a stylus is pressed into soft
clay that produces a wedge-shaped style writing
and then left to dry.
3. IRRIGATION AND DIKES
- The Sumerians created dikes and irrigation canals
to bring water to farmlands and at the same time
control the flooding of the rivers.
- This method was considered as one of the
world’s most beneficial engineering works.
IRRIGATION AND DIKES

-Through the dikes and


canals, the Sumerians
were able to enjoy
year-long farming and
harvesting which
increased their food
production.
4. SAILBOATS
- At that time, the wheel was not yet invented; the main
mode of transportation was through waterways such as
rivers and seas.
SAILBOATS
- Boats were used to carry large quantities
of products and were able to cover large
distances.
5. WHEELS
- The first wheels were not made for transportation but
for farm work and food processes. With the use of the
wheel and axle, mass production was made easier.
Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less
time.
6. URUK CITY
- The Sumerians were able to build the city using only
mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with needs,
producing sun-baked bricks a true engineering feat.
URUK CITY
- They used the bricks to make houses that protected
them for the harsh weather and to build a wall around
the city that prevented wild animals and neighboring
raiders from entering.
7. ROADS
- The invention of roads was very useful specially during
the rainy season when traveling in soft and muddy roads
proved to be too difficult.
ROADS
- They later poured bitumen, - They made the roads with
a black sticky substance the same technology, they
similar to asphalt to used in making the sun-baked
smoothen the roads. bricks that they laid down on
the ground.
8. PLOW
- The plow was invented to dig and breaks the ground, the farmer
would just drop the seeds and farm work would already be done.
With this tool, farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster,
enabling them to mass produce food without taking so much effort
and time.
9. WEAPONS
The weapons  invented
by them due to constant
war-like situations
among the city-states of
Sumer were even used
for years afterward.
Some of the inventions
that proved to be of
great use as weapons
include chariots, sickle
swords and bronze
socket axes that
gradually evolved into
the piercing axes.
10. BOARD GAMES
- The Royal Game of Ur is a two-player strategy, race, board game of
the tables family that was first played in ancient Mesopotamia during the
early third millennium BC. The Royal Game of Ur, a speed and strategy
game, is one of the oldest and longest-lived board games ever
discovered. This template is based on a 4,600-year-old board from the
city of Ur in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).

- The game had four tetrahedral


dice with seven markers and
composed of two sets, one white
and the other black. The original
rules are not known, the games’
format had been redesigned
overtime as seen in the
cuneiform tablet dating back to
approximately 177 BC.
EFFECTS TO THE SOCIETY

•They transformed how humans cultivated food,


built dwellings, communicated and kept track of
information and time.

• Because of inventing things way before it is


even came into existence and many of these
inventions such as irrigation and weapons and
etc. are still in use today.
THE END OF

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