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Digestive System

The digestive system breaks down food into smaller components that can be absorbed. It involves mechanical and chemical digestion processes. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food moves through peristalsis and is broken down by enzymes before nutrients are absorbed and waste is eliminated.

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Cyrie sheene bilocura
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1K views20 pages

Digestive System

The digestive system breaks down food into smaller components that can be absorbed. It involves mechanical and chemical digestion processes. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food moves through peristalsis and is broken down by enzymes before nutrients are absorbed and waste is eliminated.

Uploaded by

Cyrie sheene bilocura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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05/22/23 1

Digestive
System
Digestion
Phases Include
1. Ingestion
2. Movement
3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination
Digestion
Digestion refers to the breakdown of food into
smaller components that can be absorbed into
the bloodstream.

This digestion or catabolism is divided into two


types:

 mechanical digestion
 chemical digestion.
05/22/23 4
Digestion
Types
 Mechanical (physical)
• Chew
• Tear
• Grind
• Mash
• Mix
 Chemical
• Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Lipids
Digestive System Organization
• Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
– Tube within a tube
– Direct link/path between organs
– Structures
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large Intestine
• Rectum
Mouth
 Teeth mechanically  Epiglottis is a flap-like
break down food into structure at the back of
small pieces. Tongue the throat that closes
mixes food with saliva over the trachea
(contains amylase, preventing food from
which helps break down entering it. It is located
starch). in the Pharynx.
Esophagus
 Approximately 20 cm long.
 Functions include:
1.Secrete mucus
2.Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle
movement called peristalsis
– If acid from the stomach gets
in here that’s heartburn.
Stomach
• J-shaped muscular bag that stores the
food you eat, breaks it down into tiny
pieces.
• Mixes food with Digestive Juices
that contain enzymes to break down
Proteins and Lipids.
Lipids
• Acid (HCl) in the stomach kills
Bacteria.
• Food found in the stomach is called
Chyme.

9
Small Intestine
 Small intestines are roughly 7
meters long
 Lining of intestine walls has
finger-like projections called
villi, to increase surface area.
 The villi are covered in
microvilli which further
increases surface area for
absorption.

10
Small Intestine
• Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small
intestine walls.

• Absorbs:
– 80% ingested water
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
• Secretes digestive enzymes
Large Intestine
• About 1.5 meters long.
• Accepts what small intestines don’t
absorb.
• Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
Large Intestine

• Functions
– Bacterial digestion
• Ferment
carbohydrates
– Absorbs more water
– Concentrate wastes
Accessory Organs The Glands
• Not part of the path of
food, but play a
critical role.\

Include:
 Liver
 gall bladder
 pancreas
Liver
• Directly affects digestion by
producing bile.
– Bile helps digest fat
– filters out toxins and
waste including drugs and
alcohol and poisons.

15
Gall Bladder
Stores bile from the liver,
releases it into the small
intestine.

Fatty diets can cause


gallstones.
Pancreas
Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins.
Regulates blood sugar by
producing insulin.
On a sheet of paper, write the name of
each colored organ:
• Green:
• Red:
• Pink:
• Brown:
• Purple:
• Green:
• Yellow:
How’d you do?
• Green: Esophagus
• Red: Stomach
• Pink: Small Intestine
• Brown: Large Intestine
• Purple: Liver
• Green: Gall Bladder
• Yellow: Pancreas

Great Job!

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